Chapter 8

chest pain usually caused by myocardial anoxia as a result of atherosclerosis or coronary artery spasm

a condition that involves chronic inflammation of the airways of the lungs and is characterized by obstruction of the flow of air due to bronchoconstriction, wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and tightness of the chest

an abnormal condition of the vascular system characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris in the inner layer of the walls of large and medium-sized arteries

the rate of metabolism required for basic body functions during rest

body weight divided by height squared (kg/m2)

an illness or disorder of the heart or blood vessels

Bronchitis and/or emphysema that is characterized by limited airflow to the lungs and is not fully reversible

a small droplet of lipoprotein synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract and transported through the lymph vessels into the plasma and eventually to the tissues for use

limping; usually refers to intermittent claudication

a redundant blood pathway developed through enlargement of secondary vessels after obstruction of a main channel

a condition causing reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart; formerly known as coronary artery disease

any disease in which deterioration of a structure or function of tissue occurs; examples include cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cancer

a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels

an elevation of LDL or triglycerides, or a reduction in HDL; a major, modifiable risk factor for CHD

a blood clot or other mass that circulates in the blood stream until it becomes lodged in a vessel

an abnormal condition of the brain that occurs when a vessel ruptures in the brain, causing ischemia of the brain tissue

a plasma protein made in the liver and containing about 50 percent protein with cholesterol and triglycerides; transports cholesterol and other lipids to the liver for disposal

elevated blood glucose levels

elevated lipids in the blood

a condition of excessive body fatness characterized by an increase in the number of fat cells

elevated blood pressure; resting systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mm Hg or resting diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mm Hg

a condition of excessive body fatness characterized by an increase in the size of the fat cells

low blood glucose levels

a lipid–protein complex with a density between that of a low-density lipoprotein and a high-density lipoprotein

state in which calories taken in equal calories expended

law describing the relationships between calories taken in and calories expended

a compound containing lipid (fat) and protein; the form lipids take as they travel in the blood

a plasma protein that contains more cholesterol and triglyceride than protein

heart attack; death of heart tissue

state in which calories expended exceed calories taken in

obesity

a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue

any abnormal condition that affects the blood vessels outside the heart

state in which calories taken in exceed calories expended

exercising a specific area of the body to decrease fat stores at that location; this is ineffective

the degree of a general feeling of impending danger or dread

an abnormal condition of the brain characterized by an embolus, thrombus, or hemorrhage, resulting in ischemia of the brain tissue

an abnormal condition of the brain that occurs when a blood clot forms or an embolus breaks loose from somewhere in the body and blocks an artery in the brain, causing ischemia of the brain tissue

a blood clot

the degree of a feeling of impending danger or dread at the present time

a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, caused by the destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas and therefore a deficiency in the hormone insulin

a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, caused by a decrease in insulin receptor number or sensitivity

a plasma protein that is primarily composed of triglycerides with small amounts of cholesterol, phospholipid, and protein