Chapter 3

the anaerobic metabolic pathway that utilizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PC) to meet the energy demands of short-term, high intensity exercise

with oxygen

process in which the end product of a series of enzymatic steps inhibits the activity of the enzyme

“to build up”; refers to metabolic processes in which structures are created

without oxygen

the metabolism of glucose to lactate

an aerobic metabolic process in which long chain fatty acids are broken into two carbon acetyl coenzyme A molecules to enter the Krebs cycle

the result of the preferential use of fatty acids for ATP production in endurance trained individuals

“to break down”; refers to metabolic processes of breaking down

vitamin or vitamin derivative that transports hydrogen within the cell and affects the turnover rate of an enzyme in a metabolic pathway

metal that affects the turnover rate of an enzyme in a metabolic pathway

enzymes involved in oxidation and reduction reactions that catalize six reactions within glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

also called the respiratory chain; mitochondrial system in which large amounts of ATP are produced and oxygen is utilized

proteins that have specific properties and functions

the storage form of glucose

the conversion of glycogen to glucose

an anaerobic pathway that utilizes glucose for energy production

an aerobic metabolic process that utilizes acetyl coenzyme A molecules to produce ATP; also known as citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle

an end product of glycolysis; can lead to a decrease in cellular pH

the ability of a reversible reaction to be driven from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

used to describe the specificity of fit involved in interactions such as those of antigen with antibody and hormone with receptor

“to change”; includes the processes of anabolism and catabolism

an iron-containing structure that transports oxygen from the sarcolemma to the mitochondria of the skeletal muscle fiber, where it is used for aerobic metabolism

the fuel source for the ATP–PC system of energy production

the enzyme responsible for dephosphorylating glucose-6-phosphate, thereby creating glucose

a high energy bond containing phosphagen that is utilized for rapid ATP production during short-term, high-intensity exercise; also known as creatine phosphate

the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis

several amino acids linked together

work divided by time

a substance acted on by an enzyme to create a product; also known as substrate

a substance acted on by an enzyme to create a product; also known as reactant

a fat compound consisting of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid