Research Methods and Statistics in

PSYCHOLOGY

Weblinks

Chapter 1 Psychology, science and research

http://www.bps.org.uk/the-society/code-of-conduct/code-of-conduct_home.cfm

This is the British Psychological Society’s code of ethics and conduct.

http://www.bps.org.uk

British Psychological Society main site.

http://www.apa.org

American Psychological Association main site.

Chapter 3 Experiments and experimental designs in psychology

http://kilgarriff.co.uk/bnc-readme.html

This is a link to word frequency lists.

Chapter 6 Observational methods – watching and being with people

http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Watson/emotion.htm  

This is a link to the original paper by Watson and Rayner (1920) describing the conditioning of ‘Little Albert’. (‘Conditioned emotional reactions’, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3(1), 1–14).

http://archive.is/5OwBm

http://www.thefullwiki.org/Chris_Costner-Sizemore

Both of these sites have useful information on Chris Costner-Sizemore (‘Little Eve’).

Chapter 8 Psychological tests and measurement scales

As this is a chapter about psychological scales you might find it useful to look at the scales at the links below.

http://www.apa.org/science/programs/testing/find-tests.aspx

This is the American Psychological Association’s advice on finding tests. It is very comprehensive, linking to several databases such as Psyctest, but is obviously US-oriented.

http://www.psychtest.com

Here is a link to Psyctest (mentioned above). Most of the tests here need to be paid for.

http://www.yorku.ca/rokada/psyctest

This is a link to a small set of tests that you can use without worry about copyright (see the text for web page detail). The link is from York University, Ontario, Canada and was set up by Ron Okada, an Emeritus Professor. He says on the site that he will not be able to monitor the site after May 2013 so sadly you might find it becomes unavailable.

An example of the freely available tests found in Okada’s list is Rosenberg’s (1965) self-esteem scale, which is also in the public domain. Note that this is a good example of a Likert scale with reversed items to avoid response set. Also note that the Likert response format has no central ‘neutral’ or ‘undecided’ point. Here is the Rosenberg link:

http://www.wwnorton.com/college/psych/psychsci/media/rosenberg.htm

Rotter’s (1966) Locus of Control scale is easily found on the internet (it is public domain), as are several others, but make sure you get the scoring scale too otherwise the test will be useless for your own research. The scale uses a format that is not described in the Coolican text. The idea is that you are forced to choose between two extreme views on each item, one indicating internal LoC (you are in control; you make your own decision in life) and the other indicating external LoC (things happen to you; fate is in command in your life). It is similar to the method used by Hammond’s error choice technique which is described in Chapter 8. Here is the link to Rosenberg’s test:

http://www.mccc.edu/~jenningh/Courses/documents/Rotter-locusofcontrolhandout.pdf

Chapter 9 Comparison studies – cross-sectional, longitudinal and cross-cultural studies

http://allrelated.syr.edu/

This is a link to a Syracuse University mounted exhibition, “All of us are related; each of us is unique”, which explores the concept of ‘race’ and shows that from DNA evidence we now know that all of us are descended from a small group of Africans who left their continent around 120,000 years ago or so. Since then we have diversified enormously but there is no scientific evidence whatsoever for the Victorian concept of separate ‘races’. We are all one in that sense.

http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/  

Readings in cross-cultural psychology posted by the International Association for Cross-cultural Psychology.

http://www.wwu.edu/culture/readings.htm

Online readings in psychology and culture posted by the Centre for Cross-cultural Research at Washington University.

Chapter 11 Ethical issues in psychological research

http://www.bps.org.uk/content/psychological-debriefing

This is the British Psychological Society’s paper on debriefing.

http://www.bps.org.uk/what-we-do/ethics-standards/ethics-standards

The British Psychological Society’s Code of Conduct.

http://www.bps.org.uk/system/files/Public%20files/inf206-guidelines-for-internet-mediated-research.pdf

The British Psychological Society’s Guidelines for Ethical Practice in Psychological Research Online.

http://www.bps.org.uk/system/files/images/guideline_for_psychologists_working_with_animals_2012_rep55_2012_web.pdf

The British Psychological Society’s animal research guidelines. 

http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx#intro

The American Psychological Society’s ethics code.

Chapter 12 Analysing qualitative data

These are links to sites that offer software for qualitative analysis:

http://www.qsrinternational.com/

NUD*IST (a ‘sexed up’ title — sadly, nothing to do with nudism!)

http://www.qsrinternational.com/products_nvivo.aspx

NVIVO 8 Close relative of NUD*IST

http://www.scolari.co.uk/related/winmax.htm?

WINMAX

http://www.qualisresearch.com/

The Ethnograph               

http://micabrera.co.uk/code-a-text/default.aspx/index.htm

Code-A-text      

http://www.atlasti.com/index.html

ATLAS.ti

http://www.surrey.ac.uk/sociology/research/researchcentres/caqdas/

CAQDAS: This is a Surrey University project from which information can be gained on software and training courses for Qualitative data analysis

http://onlineqda.hud.ac.uk/methodologies.php

Online QDA – Online information about many different qualitative analysis approaches.

http://academic.csuohio.edu/kneuendorf/content

This is a useful site if you are interested in content analysis (The Content Analysis Guidebook).

Here is a link to the Higher Education Academy, the lower one to the psychology section itself:

http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/

http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/disciplines/psychology

Chapter 19 Correlation and regression

http://www.shodor.org/interactivate/activities/Regression/

This is the link to the correlation application that lets you plot points and watch how these affect the scatter plot and regression line.

http://academic.udayton.edu/gregelvers/psy216/tables/area.htm

A specialist site just giving normal distribution and z tables with the value of the y ordinate. Only needed for the biserial correlation coefficient calculation.

Chapter 23 Choosing a significance test for your data (and Internet resources)

These are the links to useful sites listed at the end of the chapter in the book, mostly statistical or methods oriented but as described below:

http://www.bps.org.uk/

The website of the British Psychological Society.

http://www.bps.org.uk/publications/policy-and-guidelines/research-guidelines-policy-documents/research-guidelines-poli

BPS code of conduct, ethical principles for human research, etc.

http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/disciplines/psychology

The website for the Psychology Discipline pages at the Higher Education Academy – see text above.

http://onlinestatbook.com/rvls.html

Rice Virtual Lab in Statistics – an interactive statistics site.

http://www.uvm.edu/~dhowell/StatPages/StatHomePage.html

David Howell’s home page (US statistics-for-psychology author).

http://www4.uwsp.edu/psych/mp/APA/apa4b.htm

APA Writing guide by M. Plonsky at the University of Wisconsin. Thanks!

http://www.intute.ac.uk/cgi-bin/browse.pl?id=121139

INTUTE social science – very powerful internet link database taking you to hundreds of related sites on psychology in general, but this page gives methods resources in particular.

http://www.psychology.org/links/Resources/Statistics/

Part of the Encyclopaedia of Psychology; contains links to a couple of dozen helpful statistics sites.

http://www.onlinepsychresearch.co.uk/

A guide to resources for conducting research online and for creating websites, etc. Importantly, you can participate in many psychology experiments online and have the experience of being in an experiment run by a working psychological researcher.

http://psych.hanover.edu/Research/exponnet.html

Continuing list of research on the net in which you can participate. 

http://www.quantpsy.org/chisq/chisq

A neat chi-square calculator, plus tutorial, from Kristopher Preacher at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee. Thanks!

http://bcs.whfreeman.com/ips4e/cat_010/applets/CorrelationRegression.html   

You can click on the scattergram here to make the regression line change position. It teaches you how to create negative and positive correlations and so on.

http://vassarstats.net/index.html

A brilliant site where you can get almost any kind of statistical work done including ANOVA and even logistic regression. You can transform data, conduct all simple tests and get information on what each procedure is all about.

http://www.gpower.hhu.de/

The site where you can register for and download G*Power. Thanks to E. Erdfelder, F. Faul and A. Buchner and Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf.

Online statistical textbooks

http://www.statsoft.com/Textbook

Statsoft.

http://www.animatedsoftware.com/statglos/statglos.htm

Internet glossary of statistical terms.

http://bmj.com/collections/statsbk/index.shtml

Statistics at Square One. Part of the British Medical Journal pages but open to all at present.

http://www.jerrydallal.com/LHSP/LHSP.htm

Little Handbook of Statistical Practice. The pages are frozen because there is now an e-book to be bought. However they work!

http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/index.html

Hyperstat – a very comprehensive statistical teaching resource.

http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/index.htm

Research methods knowledge base – used to be free but sadly you now pay for online access. Good though.

Chapter 24 Planning your practical and writing up your report

http://www.bps.org.uk/publications/journals

Where you can view the abstracts of all articles in British Psychological Society journals.

http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/

Where you can do the same for APA journals.

http://www.routledge.com/journals/

Where you can view the abstracts of all Psychology Press journal articles.

http://www.apa.org/science/programs/testing/find-tests.aspx

APA’s site for help in finding appropriate psychological tests.