Bacteria

Latin name Gram stain Morphology Disease Chapter

Acinetobacter
Gram - bacteremia 25

Actinomyces species
Gram + tooth decay 22

Bacillus species
Gram + ocular infection, meningitis, endocarditis 9, 19, 20

Bacillus anthracis
Gram + cutaneous anthrax, inhalation anthrax 1, 4, 5, 9, 19, 21, 26, 20

Bacillus cereus
Gram + food poisoning 5, 22

Bacillus subtilis
Gram + food poisoning in severely immunocompromised patients 18, 20

Bacteroides species
Gram - pelvic inflammatory disease 22, 23

Bordetella pertussis
Gram - pertussis (whooping cough) 4, 5, 6, 8, 21

Borrelia species
Gram - bacteremia, relapsing fever 6, 25

Borrelia burgdorferi
Gram - chronic meningitis, Lyme disease 6, 7, 8, 9, 24, 25

Borrelia recurrents
Gram - relapsing fever 25

Brucella species
Gram - bacteremia, brucellosis 6, 8, 25

Burkholderia mallei
Gram - glanders 8

Burkholderia pseudomallei
Gram - melioidosis 8

Campylobacter jejuni
Gram - acute intestinal disease, Campylobacter enteritis, dysentery, watery diarrhea 18, 22

Chlamydia species
Gram - genital tract infections, lymphogranuloma venereum, respiratory and cardiovascular disease, trachoma 4,19,23

Chlamydia trachomatis
Gram - cervicitis, epididymitis, lymphogranuloma venereum, non-gonococcal urethritis, salpinglitis, trachoma 5, 6, 7, 18, 23, 26

Chlamydophila pneumonia
Gram - atypical pneumonia, chlamydial pneumonia 21

Chlamydophila psittaci
Gram - atypical pneumonia, psittacosis (ornithosis) 6, 8, 21

Clostridium species
Gram + gastrointestinal infections, botulism, gas bangrene, tetanus 9, 22

Clostridium botulinum
Gram + botulism, food poisoning 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 18, 22, 24

Clostridium difficile
Gram + gastrointestinal infections, superinfections 6, 19, 20, 22

Clostridium perfringens
Gram + gas gangrene, food poisoning, watery diarrhea 5, 8, 10, 22, 26

Clostridium tetani
Gram + tetanus (lockjaw) 1,4, 5, 6, 18, 24

Corynebacterium species
Gram + catheter bacteremia, intravenous-line bacteremia 7, 9, 25, 26

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Gram + diphtheria 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 21

Coxiella burnetii
Gram - atypical pneumonia, Q fever 6, 8, 9, 18, 21

Enterobacter species
Gram - bacteremia, nosocomial pneumonia 7, 21, 25

Enterococcus species
Gram + dental diseases, diverticular abscesses, endocarditis, infections of the bowel, appendix, and liver 6, 7, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25

Enterococcus faecalis
Gram + endocarditis 20

Escherichia coli
Gram - cystitis, meningitis, opportunistic infections, nephritis, urethritis, watery diarrhea 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25

Escherichia coli O104:H4
Gram - bloody diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome 1, 8

Escherichia coli O157:H7
Gram - gastrointestinal infections, hemolytic uremic syndrome, renal failure 1, 5, 8, 20, 22, 28

Francisella tularensis
Gram - tularaemia 6, 8, 25

Gardnerella vaginalis
Gram variable bacterial vaginitis 23

Haemophilus ducreyi
Gram - chancroid 6, 23

Haemophilus influenzae
Gram - acute purulent meningitis 6, 7, 10, 21, 24

Haemophilus influenzae type B
Gram - bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia 24, 25

Helicobacter pylori
Gram - chronic gastritis, gastric cancer, gastroduodenal ulcer, peptic ulcers 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 22

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Gram - pneumonia 5, 7, 9, 20

Lactobacillus acidophilus
Gram + dental caries 22, 23

Legionella pneumophila
Gram - atypical pneumonia, legionellosis (Legionnaires’ disease) 6, 8, 21

Leptospira species
Gram - bacteremia, chronic meningitis 24, 25

Listeria species
Gram + bacteremia 20, 25

Listeria monocytogenes
Gram + listeriosis 4, 6, 18, 24

Mycobacterium species
Gram + pulmonary disease, skin disease, lymphadenitis 18, 19

Mycobacterium leprae
Gram + leprosy 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15, 16, 19

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Gram + chronic meningitis, infections of the central nervous system, tuberculosis 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24

Mycoplasma
no Gram reaction mild pneumonia 2, 4, 9

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
no Gram reaction Mycoplasma pneumonia 5, 21

Neisseria species
Gram - bacteremia 7, 9, 11, 15, 17, 20, 23

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gram - bacteremia, gonorrhea, neonatorum (neonatal gonorrheal ophthalmia), ophthalmia 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 17, 18, 20, 23, 25, 26

Neisseria meningitides
Gram - acute purulent meningitis, bacteremia, meningitis 4, 5, 6, 24, 25

Nocardia
Gram + nocardiasis 4

Propionibacterium acnes
Gram + acne, chronic blepharitis, endophtahalamitis 7, 26

Proteus species
Gram - nosocomial urinary tract infections 7, 23

Proteus mirabilis
Gram - urinary tract infections 5

Pseudomonas species
Gram - catheter bacteremia, intravenous-line bacteremia 6, 7, 11, 18, 19, 20, 23, 25

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram - aggressive keratitis, folliculitis, nosocomial infections 4, 6, 10, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26

Rickettsia species
Gram - vector transmitted disease 4, 7, 19

Rickettsia akari
Gram - rickettsial pox 25

Rickettsia prowazekii
Gram - typus 6, 7, 8, 25

Rickettsia rickettsii
Gram - Rocky Mountain spotted fever 5, 6, 25

Rickettsia typhil
Gram - typhus 25

Salmonella species
Gram - dysentery, food poisoning, gastrointestinal infections 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22

Salmonella bongori
Gram - bacteremia, acute enteritis 22

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi
Gram - bacteremia, typhoid fever 5, 6, 7, 10, 18, 22, 25

Shigella species
Gram - shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 20, 22

Shigella boydii
Gram - dysentery 22

Shigella dysenteriae
Gram - bacillary dysentery, bacteremia, food poisoning, gastrointestinal infections 5, 12, 20, 22, 25

Shigella flexneri
Gram - dysentery 22

Shigella sonnei
Gram - dysentery 22

Staphylococcus species
Gram + impetigo 10, 11, 15, 18, 19, 20, 26

Staphylococcus aureus
Gram + boils (furuncles), carbuncles, catheter bacteremia, endocarditis, folliculitis, food poisoning, intravenous-line bacteremia, nosocomial pneumonia, scalded skin syndrome, skin infections, staphylococcal pneumonia, toxic shock 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Gram + antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections 1, 6, 20, 21, 23

vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)
Gram + antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections 6, 20

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Gram + catheter bacteremia, intravenous-line bacteremia 7, 25, 26

coagulase-negative staphylococci
Gram + endocarditis, epididymitis, bacteremia, urinary tract and CNS infections 7, 25, 26

Streptococcus species
Gram + dental diseases, diverticular abscesses, infections of the bowel, appendix, and liver 5, 7, 9, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 25, 26

group A streptococci
Gram + erysipelas, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis 21, 25, 26

group B streptococci
Gram + neonatal sepsis, post partum infections 23, 24

group C streptococci
Gram + pharyngitis 21

β-hemolytic streptococci
Gram + bacteremia 25

Streptococcus mutans
Gram + tooth decay 2, 5, 22

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram + acute otitis media, acute purulent meningitis, bacteremia, meningitis, middle ear infections, pneumonia, sinusitis 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 20, 21, 24, 25

Streptococcus pyogenes
Gram + abscesses on the tonsils, acute tonsillitis, endocarditis, erysipelas, necrotizing fasciitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, scarlet fever, strep throat, toxic shock 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 19, 21, 26

Streptococcus salivarius
Gram + tooth decay 22

Streptococcus viridans
Gram + endocarditis 25

Treponema pallidum
Gram - chronic meningitis, syphilis 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 23, 24, 25

Ureaplasma urealyticum
no Gram reaction non-gonococcal urethritis 23

Vibrio cholerae
Gram - cholera 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 20, 22

Vibrio cholerae 0139
Gram - cholera 8, 20

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Gram - food poisoning, watery diarrhea 6, 22

Yersinia enterocolitica
Gram - gastrointestinal infections 11, 22

Yersinia pestis
Gram - plague (bubonic plague, pneumonic plague) 1, 5, 6, 8, 15, 19, 25