Islam in the Modern World

For more on how the Qur’an has been interpreted in the Muslim world in recent times, see Massimo Campanini’s short but concise The Quran: Modern Muslim Interpretations (New York: Routledge, 2011). The next step would be to look at the collection of essays in Modern Muslim Intellectuals and the Qur’an (ed. Suha Taji-Farouki, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006). For an overall look at the Qur’an and how it has been understood and handed down by Muslims throughout history, see Ingrid Mattson’s The Story of the Qur’an (Oxford: Blackwell, 2008) and Anna Gade’s The Qur’an: An Introduction (Oxford: Oneworld, 2010). To compare modern Muslim approaches to the Quran with the pre-modern, flip through the translation of the classic Tafsir al-Jalalayn, a product of fifteenth-century ulama (trans. Feras Hamza, Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 2008).

For more on Hadith in both the pre-modern and modern Muslim traditions, see Jonathan Brown’s Hadith: Muhammad’s Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World (Oxford: Oneworld, 2009). Daniel Brown’s Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996) is also very helpful.

Chapter 2: Ethical landscape: law, norms, and morality

Kecia Ali (2006) Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur'an, Hadith, and Jurisprudence, Oxford: Oneworld.

Jonathan E. Brockopp (ed.) (2003) Islamic Ethics of Life: Abortion, War, and Euthanasia, Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.

Sadakat Kadri (2012) Heaven on Earth: A Journey through Shari’a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia to the Streets of the Modern Muslim World, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Ebrahim Moosa (2012) “Muslim Ethics and Biotechnology,” in James W. Haag, Gregory R. Peterson, and Michael L. Spezio (eds) The Routledge Companion to Religion and Science,New York: Routledge, 455–65.

Amyn B. Sajoo (2004) Muslim Ethics: Emerging Vistas, London and New York: I.B. Tauris.

Chapter 3: Governance and government

Dale Eickelman and James Piscatori (1996) Muslim Politics, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

The authors help one understand how Islam has become entangled in the language of politics in a broad spectrum of countries. No one authority effectively speaks for Islam in any single country, much less in the Muslim world as a whole.

Robert D. Lee. (2010) Religion and Politics in the Middle East, Boulder: Westview Press.

The study compares the relationship between religion and politics in a Jewish state with the relationship in three Muslim states: Turkey, Iran, and Egypt. The differences between Jewish and Muslim states may not be greater than the differences among the three Muslim states.

Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart (2004) Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Based on survey research done in a number of Muslim and non-Muslim countries, the book demonstrates broad support for democratic political objectives but sharp divisions over rights of women and gays. The authors argue that the trend is toward secularization, despite apparent worldwide revival of religious influence.

Robert W. Hefner (2000) Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Hefner describes the impact of Islamist groups on politics in Indonesia and the transition toward democratic politics in a national atmosphere very different from that of the Middle East and North Africa.

Jenny White (2002) Islamist Mobilization in Turkey: A Study in Vernacular Politics, Seattle: University of Washington Press.

A highly readable and thoughtful account of Islamist political success in a suburb of Istanbul, this book helps explain the subsequent success of the Erdoĝan government at the national level. Together the White and Hefner volumes demonstrate a central theme of this chapter: that one must be cautious in generalizing about governance in the Muslim world.

Roy Mottahedeh (2001) The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran,New York: I.B. Tauris.

Mottahedeh’s book is an accessible and insightful study of religious education and the clerical class in revolutionary Iran. It has become a classic.

Chapter 4: From Isfahan to the internet: Islamic theology in the global village

Roxanne L. Euben and Muhammad Qasim Zaman (eds) (2009) Princeton Readings in Islamist Thought: Texts and Contexts from al-Banna to Bin Laden, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
This edited volume is an excellent resource for those who wish to dig deeper into the twentieth-century intellectual history of Islamist theologies. Includes translations and commentaries on important Islamist works, including Ayatollah Khomeini and Hasan al-Banna.

Majid Fakhry (1997) A Short Introduction to Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Mysticism,Oxford: Oneworld.
As the title indicates, Fakhry useful study offers a readable introduction to the intellectual traditions of Islam.

Richard C. Martin and Mark R. Woodward with Dwi S. Atmaja (1997) Defenders of Reason In Islam: Mu‘tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol, Oxford: Oneworld.
This useful guide to Islamic theology, focusing on Mu‘tazilism, juxtaposes a classical theological text with contemporary Muslim thinkers, highlighting the filiations between the two traditions.

Abdulaziz Sachednia (2001) The Islamic Roots of Democratic Pluralism, Oxford: Oneworld.
This seminal text is by one of the most prolific liberal-democratic reformers in the Iranian tradition of Islamic theology. Topics include the twentieth-century history of Islamic reform, reason and rationality in Islam, democracy, and religious pluralism.

Chapter 5: Piety and devotion
Kudsi Erguner (2006) Journeys of a Sufi Musician, London: Saqi Books.
The autobiography of an imminent Turkish musician who has witnessed the revival of the performances of the whirling dervishes.

Carl W. Ernst (2011) Sufism: An Introduction to the Mystical Tradition of Islam,Boston: Shambhala Publications.
A contemporary survey of the origins, principles, practices, and contemporary manifestations of Islamic spirituality and mysticism.

Carl W. Ernst and Bruce B. Lawrence (2002) Sufi Martyrs of Love: Chishti Sufism in South Asia and Beyond, New York: Palgrave Press.
A detailed study of the most prominent Sufi tradition in South Asia, from the perspective of religious studies. It offers a critique of the “golden age and decline” view of Sufism and rethinks the notion of what a Sufi order is.

Nile Green (2012) Sufism: A Global History, Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
The most comprehensive survey of Sufism to date, both in its geographical extent and its historical depth.

Klaus Kreiser (1992) “The Dervish Living,” in Raymond Lifchez (ed.) The Dervish Lodge: Architecture, Art, and Sufism in Ottoman Turkey, Berkeley: University of California Press, 49–56.
A description of what life was like in Sufi lodges in the Ottoman Empire.

Annemarie Schimmel (1975) Mystical Dimensions of Islam, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
A popular and enduring classical treatment of the subject, with a strong emphasis on mystical poetry.

Chapter 6: The multiple faces of Islamic education in a secular age

E. Doumato and G. Starrett (eds) (2007) Teaching Islam: Textbooks and Religion in the Middle East, Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
This book examines the content and role of religious textbooks in a diverse sample of Middle Eastern countries, including Jordan, Turkey, Syria, Saudi Arabia, and Iran.

R. Heffner and M.Q. Zaman (eds) (2007) Schooling Islam: The Culture and Politics of Modern Muslim Education, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
This collection of essays explores the cultural and political role of Muslim education in the Muslim world. It is particularly useful to get a sense of the latest academic debates on the subject.

Chapter 7: Women and gender in the Muslim world
Leila Ahmed (1992) Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate,New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
This book traces the competing discourses on Muslim womanhood since ancient pre-Islamic Middle Eastern civilization until the late twentieth century, focusing on the political and cultural self-determination of Muslim women and providing a history of the diversity of religious and secular feminists in Muslim-majority countries.

Margot Badran (2009) Feminism in Islam: Secular and Religious Convergences, Oxford:Oneworld.
Badran sets up a complex dialogue between Islamic and secular feminists in Egypt since the late nineteenth until the twenty-first century, showing that while Islamic feminist approaches draw on the Qur’anic principles to dismantle fundamentalist religious approaches towards greater gender justice, secular feminists try to avoid giving religious texts the authority to determine social and political life.

Suad Joseph (ed.) (2000) Gender and Citizenship in the Middle East, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Offering a feminist reading of citizenship in the Middle East, this collection critically examines the legal status and social positions of women, the rights and restrictions of women under family laws, and movements for legal reform.

Deniz Kandiyoti (ed.) (1991) Women, State and Islam,New York: New York University Press.
The focus of this collection and its case studies is on the role of the state in women’s subordination, including the state’s complicity in the spread of fundamentalist movements and in the implementation of conservative family laws.

Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby (eds) (1993) Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies, and Militance,Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Volume 3 of the editors’ Fundamentalisms project examines the ways in which fundamentalist movements have been successful in remaking political structures, including states, political parties, legal-juridical institutions, and regional politics.

Ritu Menon and Kamla Bhasin (1998) Borders and Boundaries: Women in India’s Partition, New Delhi: Kali for Women.
Nearly 50 years after the partition of British India into the independent nation states of India and Pakistan, Menon and Bhasin set out to interview the survivors of partition violence, with a focus on the widespread sexual violence carried out against Muslim, Hindu, and Sikh women especially in regions where they constituted a religious minority.

Fatima Mernissi (1987) Beyond the Veil: Male-Female Dynamics in a Muslim Society, 2nd edition,Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
With a focus on Moroccan society and culture, the author argues that women’s status has been shaped by patriarchal interpretations of the holy texts, sociopolitical dynamics, and national histories.

Valentine M. Moghadam (2003) Modernizing Women: Gender and Social Change in the Middle East, 2nd edition,Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
The book offers a sociological examination of the ways in which women and gender issues have figured in historical and social change processes, and the ways in which state policies, forms of national development, and social structure affect women’s status and gender roles.

Chapter 8: #Islam, social networking, and the cloud

G.R. Bunt (2009) iMuslims: Rewiring the House of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
The writer’s third book on Islam in cyberspace looks at the impact of Web 2.0 and social networking, as well as reviewing issues associated with religious authority and practice in relation to the internet. More information can be found at http://www.virtuallyislamic.com.

D.F. Eickelman and J.W. Anderson (2003) New Media in the Muslim World: The Emerging Public Sphere, 2nd edition, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
This comprehensive study explored the significance of diverse media—including the internet—within a variety of Muslim contexts.

M. El-Nawawy and A.S. Khamis (2009) Islam Dot Com, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
This focuses on the importance of online fatwas with Muslim discourse, offering case studies and insights from a range of perspectives.

C.W. Ernst (2005) “Ideological and Technological Transformations of Contemporary Sufism,” in M. Cooke and B.B. Lawrence (eds) Muslim Networks from Hajj to Hip Hop,Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 191–207.
This chapter includes reference to the impact on Sufi communities of “new media.”

W. Ghonim (2012) Revolution 2.0,London: HarperCollins.
Ghonim’s pivotal role in the Arab Spring is discussed from his personal perspective, offering insights into how the internet played a significant role in Egyptian societal shifts in 2011.

P.N. Howard (2010) The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Information Technology and Political Islam,Oxford: Oxford University Press.
This detailed study explores how Muslim political identities have been shaped through the application of digital media.

G. Larsson (ed.) (2006) Religious Communities on the Internet, Stockholm: Swedish Science Press.
This edited volume includes chapters on jihadi cyberspace, Islamic knowledge online, identity issues, and Muslims and cyberspace in the UK.

A. Nunns (2011) Tweets from Tahrir: Egypt's Revolution as It Unfolded, in the Words of the People Who Made It, New York: OR Books.
This volume collected tweets from participants in the first phase of the Arab Spring, as it related to Egypt. It provides an extensive survey of primary “raw” data.

Arab Media and Society,http://www.arabmediasociety.com
Published by the the Kamal Adham Center for Television and Digital Journalism at the American University in Cairo, this online journal regularly features articles on issues associated with Islam, Muslims, and electronic media.

CyberOrient, http://www.cyberorient.net
This open-access online journal contains articles and case-studies from a range of authors, discussing the use of electronic media in the “virtual Middle East.”

Chapter 9: Islam: unbound and global

Bruce B. Lawrence (1989) Shattering the Myth: Islam beyond Violence,Princeton: Princeton University Press.
This book anticipated the Arab Spring by 20 years. It distinguishes different Islamic movements, from reform to revival to Islamist or fundamentalist. It examines pivotal countries such as Iran and Saudi Arabia but also Pakistan, Tunisia, and Egypt, with a sidebar glance at the economic importance of Southeast Asia.

Abdullahi An-Na’im (2008) Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Shari’a, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Can there be an overlapping consensus among believers and non-believers, Muslims and others, about the rights and responsibilities equivalent for all citizens in a liberal, secular democracy? That is a huge question, answered boldly and provocatively, in this major study by a pioneering Muslim scholar from the Sudan now teaching at Emory University School of Law.

Andrew F. March (2010) Islam and Liberal Citizenship: Search for an Overlapping Consensus, New York: Oxford University Press.
This revised Oxford D.Phil dissertation examines the same question as the previous book, but does so from the perspective of comparative political ethics and with attention to distinctions between modernist and revivalist Muslim scholars on a range of daunting issues, from friendship with non-Muslims to service in the military forces of a non-Muslim nation (e.g., the USA) combatting majority Muslim nations (e.g., Iraq and Afghanistan).

Asef Bayat (2010) Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East, Stanford: Stanford UniversityPress.
An Iranian sociologist trained in the UK and teaching in the US, Bayat has produced a book that looks at social non-movements in a variety of Muslim contexts. He engages the politics of fun, as also the everyday expressions of cosmopolitanism, with rapt attention to local detail and revealing anecdotes.

Asef Bayat and L. Herrera (eds) (2010) Being Young and Muslim: New Cultural Politics in the Global South and North, New York: Oxford University Press.
Since the Arab Spring, many observers have alluded to the significant role of Muslim youth in the current, ongoing unrest. But what motivates, energizes and sustains these young people from diverse, seemingly unconnected backgrounds? No definitive answers, but lots of provocative observations, are to be found in this second book published within one year by the same prolific author.

Chapter 10: Militant movements

Jason Burke (2003) Al-Qaeda: Casting a Shadow of Terror, London: I.B. Tauris.
An excellent study of al-Qaeda up to the time of its publication.

Jason Burke (2011) The 9/11 Wars, London: Allen Lane.
Updates Al-Qaeda along with information on events in Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, and elsewhere.

Roxanne Euben and, Muhammad Qasim Zaman (eds) (2009) Texts and Contexts from Al-Banna to Bin Laden, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
A good selection of texts by many of the figures mentioned in this chapter as well as others of interests.

Moshe Gammer (2006) The Lone Wolf and the Bear: Three Centuries of Chechen Defiance of Russian Rule. London: C. Hurst & Co. Ltd.
Good on the historical background of the conflict.

Ahmad Nizar Hamzeh (2004) In the Path of Hizbullah, Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Thorough account and analysis of the movements, its leaders and structure.

Bruce Lawrence (ed.) (2005) Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama Bin Laden, trans. James Howarth, London: Verso.
Bin Laden’s major statements on a wide range of topics.

R.P. Mitchell (l969) The Society of the Muslim Brothers, London: Oxford University Press.
The most thorough study of the Brothers, but carrying only up to the 1950s.

Oxford Islamic Studies Online, www.oxfordislamicstudies.com
Short entries and longer articles on a number of relevant topics. Some items are free but individual or institutional subscription required for most.

Sayyid Qutb (1978) Milestones, trans. S. Badrul Hasan, Beirut: Holy Koran Publishing House. See also the revised translation (1990) with a forward by Ahmad Zaki Hamad, Indianapolis: American Trust Publications.
Qutb’s best known and most radical work. Translations are acceptable.

Jessica Stern (2003) Terror in the Name of God: Why Religious Militants Kill, New York: HarperCollins.
A very informative study.

Chapter 11: Secularization and the search for an authentic Muslim modern

Secularism and Muslim societies/Islam

John L. Esposito and Azzam Tamimi (eds) (2000) Islam and Secularism in the Middle East, New York: New York University Press.
Collection of essays that explore the history, theory, and practices of secularization and secularism in the Middle East.

Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na‘im (2008) Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Shari‘a, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Argument for the need of a secular state in modern Muslim societies, based on a comparative analysis of the interaction of state, society, and religion in India, Turkey, and Indonesia.

Nazik Saba Yared (2002) Secularism and the Arab World, London: Saqi Books.
Highly readable overview of the impact of secular thinking in the modern Arab world, in fields such as politics, education, law, and literature.

Comparative studies of secularism

Ahmet T. Kuru (2009) Secularism and State Policies Toward Religion: The United States, France, and Turkey, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Comparative study of styles of secularization (passive and assertive) as they have developed in three nations and the impact of these styles on state policies and cultural assumptions.

Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart (2004) Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Analysis of global patterns of secularization based on data from the World Values Survey.

Secularization theory

Talal Asad (2003) Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Critical, anthropological interpretation of the way in which secularism has been used to frame differences between the European and Middle Eastern experience of modernity.

Charles Taylor (2007) A Secular Age, Cambridge: The Belknap Press.
New reading of Western intellectual history that challenges standard secularization theory and provides a unique insight into the place of religion and virtue in modern Western societies.

Chapter 12: Islam and popular culture
W. Armbrust (ed.) (2005) Culture Wars: The Arabic Music Video Controversy, Cairo: AUC Press.
This collection of essays is not just about music videos, and covers a wide variety of topics relating to transnational and national broadcasting and other media.

M.A. El-Gamal (2006) Islamic Finance: Law, Economics, and Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
This is an academic work on Islamic finance, going into much detail in terms of shari’a, history, and practice.

Z. Iqbal and A. Mirakhor (2007) An Introduction to Islamic Finance: Theory and Practice, Singapore: John Wiley.
This is a more practically oriented textbook on Islamic finance, with an emphasis on financial aspects, but also covering theoretical aspects,

J. Pink (ed.) (2009) Muslim Societies in the Age of Mass Consumption: Politics, Culture and Identity Between the Local and Global, Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.
This is a collection covering many aspects of contemporary Islamic consumer culture, with a focus on the Arab world and Turkey but also covering Europe and Indonesia.

D. Singerman and P. Amar (eds) (2009) Cairo Cosmopolitan: Politics, Culture, and Urban Space in the New Globalized Middle East, Cairo: AUC Press.
As the title says, this collection covers only Cairo, but it covers a range of topics from cafés and coffee shops through cinemas to housing developments.

P. Temporal (2011) Islamic Branding and Marketing: Creating a Global Islamic Business, Singapore: John Wiley.
This is a practically oriented textbook on Islamic consumer culture, covering markets, brands, and sectors from travel to the internet. Aimed at the practitioner more than the scholar, but interesting to both.

B. Wittrock (2000) “Modernity: One, None, or Many? European Origins and Modernity as a Global Condition,” Daedalus, 129(1): 31–60.
This is a thought-provoking article about the question of what “modernity” might mean, providing a good introduction to an important topic of broad relevance to many of the issues discussed in this chapter.

Chapter 13: The emergence of media preachers: Yusuf al-Qaradawi

Sadaf Ahmad (2009) Transforming Faith: The Story of al-Huda and Islamic Revivalism among Urban Pakistani Women, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
A participant-observation based study of Farhat Hashmi’s al-Hoda Islamic courses in Pakistan.

Dale Eickelman and Jon W. Anderson (2003) New Media in the Muslim World: The Emerging Public Sphere,Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
An edited volume that pioneered the study of how new technologies and genres were globally impacting Islamic discourses and authority.

Charles Hirschkind (2009) The Ethical Soundscape: Cassette Sermons and Islamic Counterpublics,New York: Columbia University Press.
An exploration of the role of cassette sermons in impacting the genre of popular preaching and Islamic authority in contemporary Egypt.

Goran Larsson (2011) Muslims and the New Media, Aldershot: Ashgate.
A discussion of how Muslim scholars have responded to new technologies from print, to the telephone, film, and the internet. Provides a useful historical and doctrinal context for understanding the emergence of Muslim media preachers.

Yasmin Moll (2010) “Islamic Televangelism: Religion, Media and Visuality in Contemporary Egypt,” Arab Media and Society, 10(spring), http://www.arabmediasociety.com/?article=732
Concentrates on the role of television as a medium in shaping the nature of contemporary Islamic preaching in Egypt.

Leslie Wise (2003) “Words from the Heart: New Forms of Islamic Preaching in Egypt,” MA Thesis, Oxford, http://users.ox.ac.uk/~metheses/Wise.html
The most detailed study of Amr Khaled from a scholar of media and communication theory. This and her other writings are particularly astute in understanding his appeal and the role that media and audience play in shaping his message.

Muhammad Qasim Zaman (2007) The Ulama in Contemporary Islam:Custodians of Change, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Zaman presents a detailed historical overview and analysis of how Islamic scholars and their institutions are responding to social change and challenges to traditional authority in both the Arab world and South Asia.

http://www.onislam.net/english/shariah/contemporary-issues/
This website has replaced Islam Online as a repository for al-Qaradawi’s opinions available in English translation.

http://wp.farhathashmi.com/
Farhat Hashmi and al-Huda materials, videos, etc.

http://www.jjamshed.com/
Junaid Jamshed audio and video

Chapter 14: Assertive secularism, Islam, and democracy in Turkey

Reşat Kasaba (ed.) (2008) The Cambridge History of Turkey: Vol. 4, Turkey in the Modern World, New York: Cambridge University Press.
This volume covers the periods from the Tanzimat Reforms (1839) to the present. Chapters analyze political parties, economic development, migration, the military, Kurds, Islamic movements, women’s rights, architecture, and literature.

Ahmet T. Kuru and Alfred Stepan (eds) (2012) Democracy, Islam, and Secularism in Turkey, New York: Columbia University Press.
This edited book examines contemporary Turkish politics. Chapters explore Ottoman diversity, Kemalism and its homogenizing policies, multiple secularisms, civil-military relations, constitutional crisis, and EU membership process.

Ahmet T. Kuru (2009) Secularism and State Policies toward Religion: The United States, France, and Turkey, New York: Cambridge University Press.
This is a comparative analysis of passive secularism in the United and assertive secularism in France and Turkey. It analyzes their historical roots regarding the ancien régime based on the alliance between monarchy and hegemonic religion.

Berna Turam (2007) Between Islam and the State: The Politics of Engagement, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
This book examines the new ways of engagements between the state agents and pro-Islamic conservatives (the JDP and the Gülen movement) in Turkey.

William Hale and Ergun Özbudun (2009) Islamism, Democracy, and Liberalism in Turkey: The Case of the AKP, London: Routledge.
This book analyzes the origin, policies, and impacts of the AKP, covering various issues from civil-military relations to secularism and Islamism.

Chapter 15: The new Muslim Europe
Jørgen S. Nielsen, Samim Akgönül, Brigitte Maréchal, and Christian Moe (eds) (2009 and following) Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Leiden: Brill.
A comprehensive collection of up-to-date data.

Brigitte Maréchal, Stefano Allievi, Felice Dassetto, and Jørgen Nielsen (eds) (2003) Muslims in the Enlarged Europe: Religion and Society, Leiden: Brill.
The most recent attempt to provide a thematic analysis of the whole region.

Joel S. Fetzer and J. Christopher Soper (2005) Muslims and the State in Britain, France, and Germany, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Discusses how Muslim collective integration has been framed by existing Church-state relations.

The Open Society Institute’s “At Home in Europe Project” has sought to evaluate experience and past and future policy options in Muslim Europe: A Report on 11 EU Cities (London: Open Society Institute, 2010).

Chapter 16: Routinizing the Iranian Revolution

Farhang Rajaee (2007) Islamism and Modernism: The Changing Discourse in Iran,Austin: University of Texas Press.

Said Amir-Arjomand (1989) The Turban for the Crown, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Shaul Bakhash (1991) Reign of the Ayatollahs: Iran and the Islamic Revolution, New York: Basic Books.

Roy Mottahedeh (2008) The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran, Oxford: Oneworld.

Charles Kurzman (2004) The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran, Cambridge, MA: Harvard

Ervand Abrahamian (1982) Iran Between Two Revolutions, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Chapter 17: Muslim advocacy in America

Kambiz Ghanea-Bassiri (2010) A History of Islam in America, London: Cambridge University Press.

Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Jane I. Smith, and Kathleen M. Moore (2011 [2006]) Muslim Women in America: The Challenge of Islamic Identity Today, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
This book represents the diversity of Muslim women in the United States and the roles of Muslim American women in public and private lives.

Ajil Nadam (2006) Portrait of a Giving Community: Philanthropy by the Pakistani-American Diaspora, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Based on the giving habits of Pakistani-Americans, this book studies the history, demography, and institutional geography of Pakistani-Americans and looks at how charitable giving and volunteerism are tools to navigate multiple identities.

Mohamed Nimer (2002) The North American Resource Guide: Muslim Community Life in the United States and Canada, New York: Routledge.
This book provides a synthesis of Muslim values and institutions in the two countries and contains a directory of schools, mosques, and other organizations.

Lori Peek (2011) Behind the Backlash: Muslim Americans after 9/11, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
This book provides personal narratives of Muslim American men and women who experience discrimination before and after 9/11 and the ways they have adapted since the terrorist attacks.

Abdulkadr H. Sinno (ed.) (2009) Muslims in Western Politics, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
This collection of papers examine questions of political representation, identity politics, civil liberties, immigration, and security issues in North American and Western European societies.

Chapter 18: Women and Islamic law in Bangladesh: finding a space for the fatwa

Faustina Pereira (2002) The Fractured Scales: The Search for a Uniform Personal Code,Calcutta: STREE.
Pereira, a well-known activist and scholar in Bangladesh, lays out the negative consequences of a legal system that allows for separate personal (family) codes and the need for a uniform personal code in the country. She also provides a path for reform. Whether or not one agrees with the call for a uniform personal code, the text can be helpful in understanding what is at stake in making (or not making) decisions about family law reform.

Elora Shehabuddin (2008) Reshaping the Holy: Democracy, Development, and Muslim Women in Bangladesh,New York: Columbia University Press.
Shehabuddin’s fieldwork in Bangladesh reveals the complex relationship between rural women, Islamist political parties, and non-governmental organizations. Instead of placing women in the role of victims of Islamist politics, Shehabuddin shows that women carefully negotiate and respond to the particular power dynamics of their communities. Her analysis of women’s words and actions is not completely on the functional level, however; she also takes seriously their religious commitments and piety.

Sufia Uddin (2006) Constructing Bangladesh: Religion, Ethnicity, and Language in an Islamic Nation, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina.
Bangladesh has a rich history, despite its relatively young status as an independent country; in this text, Uddin focuses on the last two centuries of religious and cultural debate and discussion, with special emphasis on language. Throughout, she argues for the mutual construction of Bengali and Muslim identities in the region.

Chapter 19: Far from Mecca: modern Islam in Indonesia and Malaysia

Greg Fealy and Virginia Hooker (eds) (2006) Voices of Islam in Southeast Asia: A Contemporary Sourcebook,Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
This is a sourcebook to present a wide selection of contemporary materials on Islam in Southeast Asia, covering six broad themes: personal expressions of faith; Islamic law; state and governance; women and family; jihad; and interactions with non-Muslims and the wider Muslim world. The book looks at the ideological and doctrinal content of Islam in Southeast Asia in all its facets, while also exploring the motivations underlying different interpretations and viewpoints.

Robert. W. Hefner (ed.) (2009) Making Modern Muslims: The Politics of Islamic Education in Southeast Asia,Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
This is a collection of essays on Islamic education and modernization in Southeast Asia, with a good overview by Hefner in the introduction, and with separate chapters on Indonesia, Malaysia, Southern Thailand, Cambodia, and the Philippines. The book argues that modernist and traditionalist Muslim educational systems have to face modernization.

Michael G. Peletz (2002) Islamic Modern: Cultural Politics in Malaysia,Princeton: Princeton University Press.
This ethnographic work focuses on the tension and compromise between Islamic court and modern legal system in Malaysia. The book discusses modern notions of law, identity, Asian values, and civil society within the Islamic and Malay contexts.

Rizal Sukma and Clara Joewono (eds) (2007) Islamic Thought and Movements in Contemporary Indonesia,Jakarta: Centre for Strategic and International Studies.
The authors, all Indonesian scholars, write about contemporary Islamic ideas such as the Islamic state, Islamic society, and write about Islamic movements such as the Salafi, the mainstream, the moderate, the Sufi, and women movements.

Andrew N. Weintraub (ed.) (2011) Islam and Popular Culture in Indonesia and Malaysia,London and New York: Routledge.
This is the first book analyzes various aspects of Islam, popular culture, and modernities in Indonesia and Malaysia. Authors discuss Muslim expressions in mass media, art cinema, music, the Internet, magazines, films, and literature.

Chapter 20: Politics and Islamization in African public spheres

Louis Brenner (ed.) (1993) Muslim Identity and Social Change in Sub-Saharan Africa, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
An earlier insightful collection of essays on Muslim societies in modern African nation-states. Brenner’s introduction presents a very good overview on identity and associations in African Muslim societies.

David Robinson (2004) Muslim Societies in African History: New Approaches to African History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
A good introductory text on themes in diverse African countries. Includes North Africa, and provides a concise history of the regions as well.

Rudiger Seeseman and Roman Loimeier (eds) (2006) The Global Worlds of the Swahili: Interfaces of Islam, Identity and Space in 19th and 20th-Century East Africa, Berlin: Lit Verlag.
This collection provides some contextual and theoretical reflections on studying Islam in Africa in general; a standard for the study of Islam in East Africa.

Benjamin F. Soares (ed.) (2006) Muslim-Christian Encounters in Africa: Vol. 6, Islam in Africa, Leiden: Brill.
One of the few studies that examines developments in Christian and Muslim societies and communities.

Abdulkader Tayob (ed.) (2007) Islam and African Muslim Publics: Vol. 27, Journal for Islamic Studies, Cape Town: Centre for Contemporary Islam.
A collection of case studies on Islam, politics and the public spheres in modern contexts.

Further Reading