Chapter 9 - Video Switchers
After reading this chapter, you should know . . .
- The basic configuration and design concepts of switchers.
- The types of buses found on switchers.
- The functions of various buses found on switchers.
- The basic operating concepts of a typical switcher, including performing cuts, dissolves, wipes, and other effects.
- Advanced functions of switchers, including digital effects and the control of external equipment.
- Commands given by the director to the technical director operating the switcher.
1. Draw a schematic block diagram of your school’s switcher, similar to the example in Figure 9.1, showing the flow of video signals to and from the switcher. Include studio cameras, computer graphics units, VTRs, servers, monitors, and similar equipment.
2. Make a drawing of your school’s switcher, similar to the example in Figure 9.12. Each source button, fader arm, control knob, and switch should be labeled with a description of its function.
3. If you have access to a virtual switcher, analyze how its controls and operation mimic the standard switchers discussed in this chapter. How do you set up the basic effects discussed?
1. Evaluate the switcher in your school’s or a local studio. Is it a special effects-generating switcher? Does it have a downstream keyer? How many inputs does it have? What kinds of effects can it perform?
2. Why has the key replaced the superimposition in most video production situations? Can you think of a program in which you’ve seen a superimposition?
3. How does the use of buses on switchers help simplify operation? Can you think of a more logical way to lay out a switcher?
4. Explain the difference between a split-screen effect created on a non-DVE switcher and a similar effect achieved using a special effects-generating switcher. Do you think a viewer at home would notice the difference?
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