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What in the World is MUSIC? Alison E. Arnold and Jonathan C. Kramer

Video Index by Voices and Instruments

VOICES

2-1: Vocal folds
2-2: Young voices (Ethiopia, PRC, Trinidad and Tobago)
2-3: Quechua traditional ensemble, Cuzco, Peru
2-4: Katajjaq, Inuit throat singing, Nunavut, Canada
2-5: Jimmie Rodgers
2-6: Tibetan love song
2-7: Old Time Camp Meeting song
2-8: West African praise singer
2-9: Japanese epic narrator
3-8: Prison work gangs
3-9: Ghanaian work rhythms
3-15: Alim Qasimov (Azeri traditional mugam)
3-19: Sijo (traditional Korean art song)
3-34: Isicathamiya, a cappella vocal ensemble
5-1:  John Lennon (“Mother”)
5-2:  Fado (Portuguese traditional song)
5-5: Mohammad Reza Shahjarian, Iranian vocalist
5-7: Bi Kidude, Zanzibari vocalist
5-14: South African lullaby
5-19: Byzantine hymn of Saint Kassia
5-22: Madagascan a cappella trio (“Lanitra Manga Manga”)
6-1: Tibetan “sky song” (Kajod Wangmo)
7-4: Otis Redding (“I’ve Been Loving You Too Long”)
7-5: Janis Joplin (“Ball and Chain”)
7-6: Umm Kulthum (Egyptian vocalist)
7-7: Acko Choedrag (Tibetan vocalist and songwriter)
7-11: Surinamese Creole teens (traditional Winti songs)
7-16: “One Love” (original by Bob Marley), Playing for Change version
8-3: Tuvan throat singing by Kongar-ol Ondar (“A Moment So Close” by Bela Fleck)
8-5: Cajun begging songs
8-14: Montagnard American song
8-15: Montagnard American hip hop 
9-4: Greenland hip hop
9-7: Tibetan love song
9-8: Tibetan nomadic song
10-1: Korean Buddhist chant
10-2: Vedic chant
10-3: Vedic chant, Kerala
10-4: Gregorian chant (Benedictine nuns of Notre-Dame-l’Annonciation)
10-5: Theravada Buddhist monks, Laos
10-7: Qur’anic recitation (tarteel)
10-8: Sheikh Abdul Basit ‘Abd us-Samad (tadjwid)
10-9: Adhan (Call to Prayer), Uganda
10-11: Qawwali (Sufi devotional song), India
10-12: Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, qawwali singer
10-13: Azeri zikr (ritual prayer)
10-14: Mennonite choir
10-15: Thomas A. Dorsey (“Precious Lord,” African-American gospel)
10-16: Darlene Zschech (“Here in My Life,” Protestant praise and worship song)
10-18: Ugandan choral song
11-11: Japanese Buddhist chant
13-13: Croatian epic singer (guslar)
13-5: West African praise singer (jali)
13-8: Chinese storyteller (shuoshude)
13-10: Japanese epic narrator
13-11: Korean pansori epic
15-5: Marian Anderson
15-10: Trinidadian J’Ouvert carnival song

INSTRUMENTS

CHORDOPHONES

2-11: Kalumbu (musical bow), Zambia
2-12: Seperewa (bridge harp), Ghana
2-13: Celtic harp
2-14: Paraguayan harp
2-15: Saung gauk (Burmese harp)
2-16: Lyre documentary
2-17: Krar (Ethiopian lyre)
2-18: Ud (Arabic lute)
2-19: Tar (Iranian lute)
2-20: Setar (Iranian lute)
2-21: Sitar (North Indian lute)
2-22: Pipa (Chinese lute)
2-23: Ukulele (Hawaii, USA)
2-24: Akonting (Senegalese lute)
2-25: Banjo
2-26: Brazilian guitar (Sergio and Odair Assad)
2-27: Electric guitar (Jimi Hendrix)
2-28: Kamanche (Azerbaijan spike fiddle)
2-29: String quartet
2-30: Kamanja (Moroccan viola)
2-31: Sarangi (North Indian fiddle)
2-32: Santouri (Greek hammered dulcimer)
2-33: Qanun (Arabic zither)
2-34: Harpsichord
2-35: Guqin (Chinese long zither)
2-36: Guzheng (Chinese long zither)
2-37: Kayagum (Korean long zither)
2-84: South Indian violin
3-20: Ajaeng (Korean seven-string bowed zither)
5-6: Japanese shamisen (“Kyo no shiki”)
5-11: Chinese erhu (“Sai Ma”)
3-16: Tambur (five-string long-necked lute), ghichak (spike fiddle), and dutar (two-string long-necked lute)
3-17: Sarod (Ali Akbar Khan), sitar (Ravi Shankar), and tabla (Alla Rakha)
6-2: Sitar (Ravi Shankar)
7-1: Bandura (Ukrainian lute-zither)
8-6: Cajun twin fiddling
8-12: Gong (Montagnard tube zither)
8-19: Violin (“Nostalgia” by Ma Sicong)
13-3: Gusle (Balkan one-string fiddle)
13-5: Kora (West African harp-lute)
13-13: Ravanhatta (Rajasthani folk fiddle)

AEROPHONES

2-38: Native American Wooden flute
2-39: Enkwanzi (Ugandan panpipes)
2-40: Ocarina
2-41: Nplooj (Hmong leaf)
2-42: Taepyongso (Korean oboe)
2-43: Nadaswaram (Indian oboe)
2-44: Suona (Chinese oboe)
2-45: Cornamusa (Italian bagpipe)
2-46: Clarinet
2-47: Launeddas (Sardinian triple-pipe clarinet)
2-48: Klezmer (Hungarian clarinet)
2-49: Khaen (Thai mouth organ)
2-50: Chinese sheng (mouth organ) and accordion
2-51: English concertina
2-52: Wanamaker Organ
2-53: Dung-chen (Tibetan trumpets)
2-54: Brass Band
2-55: Bugle
3-5: Shakuhachi (Japanese bamboo flute)
3-24: Gaida (Bulgarian bagpipe)
5-15: Scottish Highland bagpipes (Royal Military Tattoo)
6-3: Gaida (Bulgarian bagpipe) and wedding band
7-3: Bandoneon (Argentine dance orchestras)
8-7: Afro-Cajun accordion style
8-13: Ding nam (Montagnard mouth organ)
11-1: Trombone shout band
12-8: Shofar (ram’s horn)
15-2: Sarewa flute (Nigeria)

MEMBRANOPHONES

2-56: Timpani
2-57: Pat waing (Burmese drum circle)
2-58: Talking drum (West African)
2-59: Derbake (Middle Eastern goblet drum)
2-60: Changgo (Korean hourglass drum)
2-61: Powwow drum (Native American)
2-62: Frame drum
2-63: Pandeiro (Brazilian frame drum)
2-64: Congas
2-67: Agogo (iron double bell)
3-2: Dumbek (Middle Eastern goblet drum)
3-6: West African percussion ensemble (Guinea)
3-13: Timbales (Tito Puente)
3-17: Tabla (Alla Rakha), with sarod (Ali Akbar Khan) and sitar (Ravi Shankar)
5-9: Remo talking drum
5-10: Apenti (Surinamese talking drum)
5-13: Tassa drumming (Trinidad)
7-9: Surinamese drumming patterns
15-2: Jauje talking drums (Nigeria)

IDIOPHONES

2-65: Church bells (Spain)
2-66: Large hanging bell (Korea)
2-67: Agogo (iron double bell)
2-68: Castanets (Spain)
2-69: Dhantal (Suriname)
2-70: Musical saw
2-71: Embaire (Ugandan xylophone)
2-72: Jaltarang (Indian, tuned, water-filled ceramic bowls)
2-73: Endongo (Ugandan thumb pianos)
2-74: Zil (finger cymbals)
2-75: Rolmo (Tibetan cymbals)
2-76: Soultone cymbals
2-77: Hand-held gongs (PRC)
2-78: Filipino tuned gong
2-79: Tam tam
2-80: Javanese gamelan
2-81: Steel bands (Trinidad and Tobago)
3-11: Ghanaian hand and foot drum
3-12: Ghatam (South Indian clay pot)
3-14: Gamelan (Java, Indonesia)
7-14: Surinamese gamelan
8-10: Montagnard hanging gongs
8-11: Trung (Montagnard bamboo xylophone)
11-3: Mbira (thumb piano)
12-2: Sound of gongs at the Golden Rock, Kyaiktiyo, Myanmar

ELECTROPHONE

2-82: Theremin
3-39: Electronic instruments (“Sonnez La Cloche”)

ENSEMBLE

2-10: National Gugak Orchestra (Republic of Korea)
2-29: Ciompi String Quartet
2-48: Hungarian Klezmer
2-54: North Carolina Brass Band
2-81: Steel bands (Trinidad and Tobago)
2-84: South Indian violin, kanjira (tambourine), and mridangam (barrel drum)
2-83: Shinawi Korean folk ensemble
3-1: University of Michigan Marching Band
3-6: West African polyrhythm (percussion ensemble)
3-7: Bateria (Brazilian carnival percussion ensemble)
3-14: Gamelan (Java, Indonesia)
3-17: Sarod (Ali Akbar Khan), sitar (Ravi Shankar), and tabla (Alla Rakha)
6-3: Bulgarian wedding band
7-3: Argentine dance orchestras
7-14: Surinamese gamelan
8-1: Johann Pachelbel, Canon in D (traditional instruments)
8-21: Ala Kondre ensemble, Henk Tjon's funeral, Paramaribo, Suriname
13-6: Kaira Ba, West African-American fusion band
13-9: Touring company of blind musicians, PRC
15-6: Celtic music session, Cape Breton, Canada
15-7: Celtic music session, Cape Breton, Canada

NATURAL SOUNDS

1-1: Competing Amazonian songbirds
1-2: Buzzing beetle
4-1: Humpback whales
4-2: Gibbons
4-3: Gelada baboons