Additional References

Chapter 2

Coase, Ronald. (1960). The problem of social cost. The Journal of Law and Economics, 3, 1–44.

Golan, Elise, Kuchler, Fred, Mitchell, Lorraine, et al. (2001). The economics of food labeling. Journal of Consumer Policy, 24 (2), 117–184.

Lueck, Dean. (June 2002). The extermination and conservation of the American bison. The Journal of Legal Studies, 31 (2), S609–S652.

Ratnieks, Francis L. W & Carreck, Norman L. (January 2010). Clarity on honey bee collapse? Science, 327 (5962), 152–153.

Historically Significant References

Anderson, Terry L., & Hill, P. J. (1975). The evolution of property rights: A study of the American West. The Journal of Law and Economics, 18 163–179.

Anderson, Terry L., & Simmons, Randy T. (Eds.). (1993). The Political Economy of Customs and Culture: Informal Solutions to the Commons Problem. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Bromley, Daniel W. (1989). Economic Interests and Institutions: The Conceptual Foundations of Public Policy. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Coase, Ronald. (1960). The problem of social cost. The Journal of Law and Economics, 3, 1–44.

Demsetz, Harold. (1967). Toward a theory of property rights. American Economic Review, 57, 347–359.

Gordon, H. Scott. (1954). The economic theory of a common property resource: The fishery. Journal of Political Economy, 62, 124–142.

Ostrom, Elinor. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Additional References

Chapter 3

Harrington, W., Morgenstern, R. D., & Nelson, P. (1999). Predicting the costs of environmental regulations: How accurate are regulators' estimates? Environment, 41(7), 10–14, 40–44.

Loomis, John B. (2011). Incorporating distributional issues into benefit cost analysis: Why, how and two empirical examples using non-market valuation. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, 2(1), Article 5. Available at: www.bepress.com/jbca/vol2/iss1/5

US EPA, National Center for Environmental Economics Office of Policy. (December 2010). Guidelines for Preparing Economic Analyses (updated May 2014). Washington, D.C.: EPA.

Historically Significant References

Arrow, K. J., & Fisher, A. C. (1974). Preservation, uncertainty, and irreversibility. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87, 312–319.

Arrow, Kenneth J., & Lind, Robert C. (1970). Uncertainty and the evaluation of public investment decisions. American Economic Review, 60 (3), 364–378.

Haveman, Robert H. (1972). The Economic Performance of Public Investments: An Ex Post Evaluation of Water Resources Investments. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press for Resources for the Future.

Weitzman, M. L. (1994). On the environmental discount rate. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 26 (2), 200–209.

Additional References

Chapter 4

Acharya, Gayatri, and Lynne Lewis Bennett. "Valuing Open Space and Land Use Patterns in Urban Watersheds,"Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics22, no. 213 (2001): 221-237.

Ackerman, Frank, Lisa Heinzerling, and Rachel Massey. "Applying Cost-Benefit to a Past Decision: Was Environmental Protection Ever a Good Idea?"Administrative Law Journal57, no. 1 (2004).

Aldy, Joseph E. and W.Kip Viscusi. “Adjusting the Value of a Statistical Life for Age and Cohort Effects.”Review of Economics and Statistics, 2008. 90(3): 573-581, August.

Bateman IJ, Jones AP, Lovett AA, Lake I, Day BH (2002) Applying geographical information systems (GIS) to environmental and resource economics.Environmental and Resource Economics22(1–2):219–269. doi:10.1023/A:1015575214292

Bishop RC, Boyle KJ, Carson RT, Chapman D, Hanemann WM, Kanninen B, Kopp RJ, Krosnick JA, List J, Meade N, Paterson R, Presser S, Smith VK, Tourangeau R, Welsh M, Wooldridge JM, DeBell M, Donovan C, Konopka M, Scherer N. (2017) Putting a value on injuries to natural assets: The BP oil spill. ScienceVol. 356, Issue 6335: 253-254. DOI: 10.1126/science.aam8124

Bockstael, N. E. "Economics and Ecological Modeling: The Importance of a Spatial Perspective,"American Journal of Agricultural Economics(1996): 1168-1180.

Bohlen, C. and Lewis, L.Y. Examining the economic impacts of hydropower dams on property values using GIS.Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 90, Supplement 3, July 2009, Pages S258scie9.

Boyle, Kevin, Lynne Lewis, Jaren Pope and Jeffrey Zabel, “Valuation in a Bubble: Hedonic Modeling Pre- and Post-Housing Market Collapse” AERE Newsletter, Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (AERE) Vol. 32, No. 2 November 2012

Boyle, Kevin J., Thomas P. Holmes, Mario F. Teisl, and Brian Roe. "A Comparison of Conjoint Analysis Response Formats,"American Journal of Agricultural Economics83, no. 2 (2001): 441-454.

Brouwer, R. (2000). Environmental Value Transfer: state of the art and future prospects. Ecological Economics. 32(1):  137-152.

Cameron, Trudy “Euthanizing the Value of a Statistical Life” Review of Environmental Economics and Policy Vol 4 (2), 2010, pp. 161-178.

Carson, Richard T. “Contingent Valuation: A Comprehensive Bibiliography and History”, Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., 2011

Carson, Richard T., et al.A Bibliography of Contingent Valuation Studies. La Jolla: Natural Resource Damage Assessment, Inc., 1994.

Clapp, John, Mauricio Rodriguez and Grant Thrall “How GIS Can Put Urban Economic Analysis on the Map,” Journal of Housing Economics, 1997, 6, 368-386.

Dickie, Mark (2016). Averting Behavior Methods, Chapter 8 in A Primer on Nonmarket Valuation. 2nd Edition. Champ, Patricia A., Boyle, Kevin J., & Brown, T. C. (Eds). Springer.

Ehmke, M.D., J.L. Lusk and J.A. List. 2008. “Is Hypothetical Bias a Universal Phenomenon? A Multinational Investigation,”Land Economics84(3): 489-500.

Florax, R. J. G. M., P. Nijkamp and K. G. Willis (eds.) (2002),Comparative Environmental Economic Assessment. Edward Elgar: Cheltenham

Freeman, A. Myrick, III.The Measurement of Environmental and Resource Values: Theory and Methods. Washington, DC: Resources of the Future, Inc., 2003.

Geoghegan, J., L. A. Wainger, and N. E. Bockstael. "Spatial Landscape Indices in a Hedonic Framework: An Ecological Economics Analysis Using GIS,"Ecological Economics23 (1997): 251-264.

Gopalakrishnan, Sathya and Klaiber, H. Allen, Is the Shale Boom a Bust for Nearby Residents? Evidence from Housing Values in Pennsylvania (July 1, 2012). Available at SSRN:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2117932orhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2117932

Hammitt, James K. and Lisa A. Robinson. "The Income Elasticity of the Value per Statistical Life: Transferring Estimates between High and Low Income Populations. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 2(1), 2011.

Hanemann, W. Michael, "Valuing the Environment Through Contingent Valuation,"Journal of Economic Perspectives8, no. 4 (1994): 19-43.

Holmes, Thomas P., and Wiktor L. Adamowicz. "Attribute-Based Methods." InA Primer on Nonmarket Valuation, edited by Ian Bateman. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

Johnston, Robert, J., Elena Y. Besedina and Matthew H. Ranson. “Characterizing the effects of valuation methodology in function-based benefits transfer,”Ecological EconomicsVolume 60, Issue 2, 1 December 2006, Pages 407cedi

Johnston, R. J., Boyle, K. J., Adamowicz, W., Bennett, J., Brouwer, R., Cameron, T. A., ... & Tourangeau, R. (2017). Contemporary guidance for stated preference studies.Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists,4(2), 319-405.

Johnston, Robert and Randall S. Rosenberger, “Methods, Trends and Controversies in Contemporary Benefits Transfer,”Journal of Economic Surveys2010, 24(3): 479-510.

Labao, Rex, Hermina Francisco, Dieldre Harder and Florence Ivy Santos, “Do Colored Photographs Affect Willingness to Pay Responses for Endangered Species Conservation,”Environ. Resource Econ2008, 40: 251-264.

Landry, C. A. Lange, J.A. List, M.K. Price and N.G Rupp. 2006. “Toward an Understanding of the Economics of Charity: Evidence from a Field Experiment.”Quarterly Journal of EconomicsMay: 747-782.

Landry, C. E. and C. H. Mires (2018 draft) Economic Value of Maritime Cultural Heritage: Using Choice Experimentation to Evaluate Preferences for the Graveyard of the Atlantic Maritime Park. University of Georgia.

Lewis, L. and Landry, C. (2017) ‘River restoration and hedonic property value analyses: Guidance for effective benefit transfer’, Water Resources and Economics, 17, 20-31.

Loomis, J. B. "Measuring The Economic Benefits of Removing Dams and Restoring the Elwha River: Results of a Contingent Valuation Survey,"Water Resources Research32, no. 2 (1996): 441-447.

Michaels, R. G., and V. K. Smith. "Market Segmentation and Valuing Amenities with Hedonic Models: The Case of Hazardous Waste Sites,"Journal of Urban Economics28 (1990): 223-242.

Mihaescu, Oana; vom Hofe, Rainer, “The Impact of Brownfields on Residential Property Values in Cincinnati, Ohio: A Spatial Hedonic Approach,” Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, 20C12, v. 42, iss. 3, pp. 223-36.

Mitchell, Robert C., and Richard T. Carson.Using Surveys to Value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, 1989.

Mitchell, Robert Cameron. "On Designing Constructed Markets in Valuation Surveys,"Environmental and Resource Economics22 (2002): 297-321.

Mrozek, Janusz and Laura O. Taylor. “What Determines the Value of Life? A Meta-Analysis.”Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 2002. 21(2): 253-270.

Palmquist, R. B., F. M. Roka, and T. Vukina. "Hog Operations, Environmental Effects and Residential Values,"Land Economics73, no. 11 (1997): 114-124.

Parsons, George. "The Travel Cost Model." InA Primer on Nonmarket Valuation, edited by Ian Bateman. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

Smith, V. Kerry & Pattanayak, Subhrendu K. & Van Houtven, George L., 2006. "Structural benefit transfer: An example using VSL estimates,"Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(2), pages 361-371, December.

Smith, V.K., G Van Houtven, SK Pattanayak. “Benefit transfer via preference calibration:“Prudential algebra” for policy,”Land EconomicsFebruary 1, 2002 vol. 78 no. 1 132-152

Taylor, Laura O. "The Hedonic Method," InA Primer on Nonmarket Valuation, edited by Ian Bateman. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

Viscuzi, W. Kip “Economic Foundations of the Current Regulatory Reform Efforts”Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol 10, No.3 (Summer,1996):119-134

Viscusi, W. Kip, "How to Value a Life" Journal of Economic Finance, Vol 32 (2008) pp. 311-323

Whittington, Dale. "Improving the Performance of Contingent Valuation Studies in Developing Countries,"Environment and Resource Economics22 (2002): 323-367.

Historically Significant References

Chapter 5

Hartwick, J. M. (1977). Intergenerational equity and the investing of rents from exhaustible resources. American Economic Review, 67, 972–974.

Rawls, John. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Solow, R. (1986). On the intergenerational allocation of natural resources. Scandinavian Journal of Natural Resources, 88(1), 141–149.

Historically Significant References

Chapter 6

Devarajan, Shantayanan, & Fisher, Anthony C. (1981). Hotelling's “Economics of Exhaustible Resources”: Fifty years later. Journal of Economic Literature, 19, 65–73.

Herfindahl, O. C. (1967). Depletion and economic theory. In M. Gaffney (Ed.), Extractive Resources and Taxation Proceedings. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 63–90.

Additional Resources

Chapter 7

Berry, D. (2002). The market for tradable renewable energy credits. Ecological Economics, 42 (3), 369–379.

Boots, M. (2003). Green certificates and carbon trading in the Netherlands. Energy Policy, 31 (1), 43–50.

Campbell, C. J., & Laherrere, J. H. (March 1998). The end of cheap oil. Scientific American, 78–83.

DeCanio, S. J. (1998). The efficiency paradox: Bureaucratic and organizational barriers to profitable energy-saving investments. Energy Policy, 26 (5), 441–454.

Deffeyes K. S. (2001). Hubbert's Peak: The Impending World Oil Shortage. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Dubin, Jeffrey A., & Rothwell, Geoffry S. (1990). Subsidy to nuclear power through Price-Anderson liability limit. Contemporary Policy Issues, 8, 73–79.

Durham, Catherine A., Colby, Bonnie G. & Longstreth, Molly. (1988). The impact of state tax credits and energy prices on adoption of solar energy systems. Land Economics, 64, 347–355.

Fristrup, P. (2003). Some challenges related to introducing tradable green certificates. Energy Policy, 31 (1), 15-19.

Fry, Gene R. (1986). The economics of home solar water heating and the role of solar tax credits. Land Economics, 62, 134–144.

Griffin, James M. (1985). OPEC behavior: A test of alternative hypotheses. The American Economic Review, 75, 954–963.

Hall, Darwin C. (Ed.). (July 1990). Social and private costs of alternative energy technologies. Contemporary Policy Issues, 1–2.

Langniss, O., & Wiser, R. (2003). The renewables portfolio standard in Texas: An early assessment. Energy Policy, 31 (6), 527–535.

Lind, Robert C., et al. (1982). Discounting for Time and Risk in Energy Policy. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future.

Lorenzoni, A. (2003). The Italian green certificates market between uncertainty and opportunities. Energy Policy, 31 (1), 33–42.

Meier, Peter, & Munisinghe, Mohan. (2004). Sustainable Energy in Developing Countries: Policy Analysis and Case Studies. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar.

Morthorst, P. E. (2003). A green certificate market combined with a liberalised power market. Energy Policy, 31 (13), 1393–1402.

Myers, N., & Kent, J. (2001). Perverse Subsidies: How Tax Dollars Can Undercut the Environment and the Economy. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Nielsen, L., & Jeppesen, T. (2003). Tradable green certificates in selected European countries –overview and assessment. Energy Policy, 31 (1), 3–14.

Oliver, M., & Jackson, T. (1999). The market for solar photovoltaics. Energy Policy, 27(7), 371–385.

Rader, Nancy. (2000). The hazards of implementing renewables portfolio standards. Energy & Environment, 11 (4), 391–405.

Smith, J. L. (2005). Inscrutable OPEC? Behavioral tests of the cartel hypothesis. The Energy Journal 26(1): 51-82.

Historically Significant References

Lee, Dwight R. (1978). Price controls, binding constraints, and intertemporal economic decision making. Journal of Political Economy, 86, 293–301.

Salant, S. W. (1976). Exhaustible resources and industrial structure: A Nash-Cournot approach to the world oil market. Journal of Political Economy, 84, 1079–1093.

Additional References

Chapter 8

Kinneman, T.C. & Fullerton, D. (November 2000). Garbage and recycling with endogenous local policy. Journal of Urban Economics, 419–422.

Kinnaman, Thomas, & Yokoo, Hide-Fumi. (May 2011). The environmental consequences of global reuse. The American Economic Review, 101 (3), 71–76.

Porter, Richard C. (1997). The Economics of Water and Waste in Three African Capitals. Aldershot, U.K.: Ashgate Press, 1997.

Shea, Cynthia Pollock. (May/June 1988). Building a market for recyclables. World Watch, 12–18.

UNEP. (1989). Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. Available at: www.basel.int/Portals/4/Basel%20Convention/docs/text/BaselConventionText-e.pdf

Viscusi, W. Kip, Huber, Joel, & Bell, Jason. (2012). Alternative policies to increase recycling of plastic water bottles in the United States. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 6 (2), 190–211.

Widmer, R., Oswald-Krapf, H., Sinha-Khetriwal, D., Schnellmann, M., & Boni, H. (2005). Global perspectives on E-waste. Environmental Impact Assessment, 25, 436–458.

Historically Significant References

Barnett, Harold J. (1979). Scarcity and growth revisited. In V. Kerry Smith (Ed.), Scarcity and Growth Reconsidered. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press for Resources for the Future, 163–217.

Barnett, Harold, & Morse, Chandler. (1963). Scarcity and Growth: The Economics of Natural Resource Availability. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Berndt, E. R., & Wood, D. (1975). Technology, prices and the derived demand for energy. Review of Economics and Statistics, 57, 259–268.

Brobst, Donald A. (1979). Fundamental concepts for the analysis of resource availability. In V. Kerry Smith (Ed.), Scarcity and Growth Reconsidered. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979, 106–142.

Goeller, H. E., & Weinberg, A. M. (1978). The age of substitutability. The American Economic Review, 68, 1–11.

Kakela, Peter J. (1981). Iron ore: From depletion to abundance. Science, 212, 132–136.

Skinner, B. J. (1976). A second Iron Age ahead? American Scientist, 64, 258–269.

Smith, V. Kerry. (1978). Measuring natural resource scarcity: Theory and practice. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 5, 150–171.

Smith, V. Kerry. (1979). Natural resource scarcity: A statistical analysis. Review of Economics and Statistics, 61, 423–427.

Smith, V. Kerry (Ed.). (1979). Scarcity and Growth Reconsidered. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.

Smith, V. Kerry. (1980). The evaluation of natural resource adequacy: Elusive quest or frontier of economic analysis? Land Economics, 56, 257–298.

Additional Resources

Chapter 9

Basta, E., & Colby, B. G. (2010). Water market trends: Transactions, quantities, and prices. Appraisal Journal, 78(1), 50–66.

Bennett, Lynne Lewis. (2000). The integration of water quality into transboundary allocation agreements: Lessons from the Southwestern United States. Agricultural Economics, 24, 113–125.

Brookshire, David S., Colby, Bonnie, Ewers, Mary, & Ganderton, Philip T. (2004). Market prices for water in the semiarid west of the United States. Water Resources Research, 40, 1–9.

Dinar, Ariel, Doukkali, Richard, Roe, Terry, & Yacov, Tsur. (2004). Pricing methods and their properties, from PRICING IRRIGATION WATER PRINCIPLES AND CASES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Copyright © 2004 by Ariel Dinar, Richard Doukkali, Terry Roe, and Tsur Yacov. Published by Resources for the Future Press. Reprinted with permission of Taylor & Francis.

Espey, M., Espey, J. & Shaw, W. D. (1997). Price elasticity of residential demand for water: A meta-analysis. Water Resources Research, 33, 1369–1374.

Frederick, Kenneth. (1989). Water resource management and the environment: The role of economic incentives. In Renewable Natural Resources: Economic Incentives for Improved Management. Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Gleick, Peter (Ed.). (1993). Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Freshwater Resources. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Gleick, Peter. (2006). The World’s Water 2006–2007: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Hanneman, W. Michael. (1998). Price and rate structures. In D. D. Baumann, J. J. Boland, and W. M. Hanneman (Eds.), Urban Water Demand Management and Planning. Burr Ridge, IL: McGraw-Hill.

Hascic, Ivan, & Wu, JunJie. (2006). Land use and watershed health in the United States. Land Economics. 82, 214–239.

Howe, Charles W. (1986). Project benefits and costs from national and regional viewpoints: Methodological issues and case study of the Colorado-Big Thompson Project. Natural Resources Journal, 26, 5–20.

Howitt, Richard E. (1994). Empirical analysis of water market institutions: The 1991 California water market. Resource and Energy Economics, 16 (4), 357–371.

Howitt, Richard E. (1998). Spot prices, option prices and water markets: An analysis of emerging markets in California. In K. William Easter, M. W. Rosegrant, & Ariel Dinar (Eds.), Markets for Water: Potential and Performance. New York: Springer, 119–140.

Hutson, Susan, Barber, Nancy, Kenney, Joan, Linsey, Kristen, Lumia, Deborah, & Maupin, Molly. (2004). Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1268. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior.

Israel, Morris, & Lund, Jay R. (1995). Recent California water transfers: Implications for water management. Natural Resources Journal, 35 (1), 1–32.

Jones, L., & Colby, B. (2010). Weather, climate, and environmental water transactions. Weather, Climate, and Society, 2 (3), 210–223.

Kenney, Doug, Nania, Julie, Callian, Logan, Dittman, Brandon, Judkins, Sarah, Guarina, Julia, Burns, Henri, Scanlon, Mark, & Hach, Cori. (June 2013). Cross-Boundary Water Transfers in the Colorado River Basin: A Review of Efforts and Issues Associated with Marketing Water Across State Lines or Reservation Boundaries. Colorado River Governance Initiative.

Lavelle and Gross 2013

Lewis, Lynne Y., Bohlen, Curtis, & Wilson, Sarah. (2008). Dams, dam removal and river restoration. Contemporary Economic Policy, 26 (2), 175–186.

Loaiciga, Hugo A., & Renehan, Stephen. (1997). Municipal water use and water rates driven by severe drought: A case study. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 33(6), 1313–1326.

Loftus, A. (2005). Free water as commodity: The paradoxes of Durban’s water service transformation in the age of commodity. In D. A. McDonald and G. Ruiters (Eds), Water Privatization in Southern Africa. London: Earthscan, 189–203.

National Water Commission. (2013). Australian Water Markets: Trends and Drivers 2007–08 to 2011–12. Available at: www.nwc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/34872/Trends-and-Drivers-full-report.pdf

Olmstead, Sheila M., & Stavins, Robert. (2007). Managing Water Demand: Price vs. Non-Price Conservation Programs. Boston, MA: Pioneer Institute White Paper No. 39.

Raftelis Financial Consulting. (2003). 2002 Water and Wastewater Rate Survey. Boca Rotan, FL: CRC Press.

Reynaud, A. (2016). Assessing the impact of full cost recovery of water services on European households. Water Resources and Economics, 14, 65–78.

Rudolph, Meg. (July, 2001). Sinking of a titanic city. Geotimes. Available at: www.geotimes.org/july01/sinking_titanic_city.html

Steinbeck, John. (1939). The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Viking Press.

Tisdell, John G. (2011). Water markets in Australia: An experimental analysis of alternative market mechanisms. Agricultural and Resource Economics, 55, 500–517.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (1999). World Water Resources at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2000). Water Use in the World: Present Situation/Future Needs. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

United Nations Environment Program. (2002). An Overview of the State of the World's Fresh and Marine Waters. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Program.

Ward, Robert, & Booker, James. (2003). Economic costs and benefits of instream flow protection for endangered species in an international basin. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 39, 427–440.

World Bank. (2004). Regional Desalination Study for the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia: Summary Note. World Bank: World Bank.

Yoo, J., Simonit, S., Kinzig, A. P., & Perrings, C. (2014). Estimating the price elasticity of residential water demand: The case of Phoenix, Arizona. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 36(2), 333–350.

Zarnikau, J. (1994). Spot market pricing of water resources and efficient means of rationing water during scarcity. Resources and Energy, 16, 189–210.

Additional Resources

Chapter 10

Barbier, E. B. (1997). The economic determinants of land degradation in developing countries. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences, 352, 891–899.

Bruchfield, Marcy, Overman, Henry G., Puga, Diego, & Turner, Matthew A. (2006). Causes of sprawl: A portrait from space. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121 (2), 587–633.

Carrión-Flores, Carmen, & Irwin, Elena G. (2004). Determinants of residential land-use conversion and sprawl at the rural–urban fringe. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 86 (4), 889–904.

Casey, Frank, Vickerman, Sara, Hummon, Cheryl, & Taylor, Bruce. (2006). Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation: An Ecological and Economic Assessment. Washington, D.C.: Defenders of Wildlife.

Demsetz, Harold. (1967). Toward a theory of property rights. American Economic Review, 57, 347–359.

Irwin, Elena G., & Bockstael, Nancy E. (2007). The evolution of urban sprawl: Evidence of spatial heterogeneity and increasing land fragmentation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104 (52), 20672–20677.

Herriges, J., et. al. (2005). Living with hogs in Iowa: The impact of livestock facilities on rural residential property values. Land Economics, 81 (4), 530–545.

McConnell, V., Kopits, E., & Walls, M. (2006). Using markets for land preservation: Results of a TDR program. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 49 (5), 631–651.

McConnell, V., Walls, M., & Kopits, E. (2006). Zoning, TDRs and the density of development. Journal of Urban Economics, 59 (3), 440–457.

Motohiro Adachi & Patel, Kanak. (1999). Agricultural land conversion and inheritance tax in Japan. Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies, 11 (2), 127–140.

Salzman, James, & Ruhl, J. B. (2007). “No net loss”: Instrument choice in wetlands protection. In Jody Freeman and Charles D. Kolstad (Eds.), Moving to Markets in Environmental Protection: Lessons from Twenty Years of Experience. New York: Oxford University Press, 323–350.

Sundberg, J. O. (2006). Private provision of a public good: Land trust membership. Land Economics, 82(3), 353–366.

Additional Resources

Chapter 11

Berck, P. (1981). Optimal management of renewable resources with growing demand and stock externalities. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 8, 105–117.

Binswanger, H. (1991). Brazilian policies that encourage deforestation in the Amazon. World Development, 19, 821–829.

Caviglia-Harris, Jill. L. (2004). Household production and forest clearing: The role of farming in the development of the Amazon. Environment and Development Economics, 9, 181–202.

Chomitz, K. M., & Thomas, T. S. (2003). Determinants of land use in Amazonia: A fine-scale spatial analysis. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 85 (4), 1016–1028.

Deininger, K., & Minten, B. (2002). Determinants of deforestation and the economics of protection: An application to Mexico. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 84 (4), 943–960.

Johansson, Per-Olov. (1985). Economics of Forestry and Natural Resources. New York: Basil Blackwell.

Laird, S. A., & ten Kate, K. (2002). Linking biodiversity prospecting and forest conservation. In S. Pagiola, J. Bishop, & N. Landell-Mills (Eds.), Selling Forest-Services: Market-Based Mechanisms for Conservation and Development. London: Earthscan Publications, 151–172.

Mahar, Dennis J. (1989). Government Policies and Deforestation on Brazil's Amazon Region. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Merrifield, David E., & Hayes, Richard W. (1984). The adjustment of product and factor markets: An application to the Pacific Northwest forest products industry. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 66, 79–87.

Myers, Norman. (1984). The Primary Source: Tropical Forests and Our Future. New York: W. W. Norton.

Neumayer, Eric. (2005). Does high indebtedness increase natural resource exploitation? Environment and Development Economics, 10 (2), 127–142.

Newell, R. G., & Stavins, R. N. (2000). Climate change and forest sinks: Factors affecting the costs of carbon sequestration. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 40 (3), 211–235.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (1991). OECD Environmental Data: Compendium 1991. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Repetto, R. (1988). The Forest for the Trees? Government Policies and the Misuse of Forest Resources. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute.

Repetto, R., & Gillis, M. (Eds.). (1988). Public Policy and the Misuse of Forest Resources. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sedjo, R. A., & Swallow, S. K. (2002). Voluntary eco-labeling and the price premium. Land Economics, 78 (2), 272–284.

Vincent, Jeffrey R. (1990). Rent capture and the feasibility of tropical forest management. Land Economics, 66 (2), 212–223.

Additional Resources

Chapter 12

Adler, J. H., & Stewart, N. S. (2013). Learning how to fish: Catch shares and the future of fishery conservation. UCLA Journal of Environmental Law & Policy, Forthcoming Case Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2013-14.

Arnason, Ragnar. (Summer 2012). Property rights in fisheries: How much can individual transferable quotas accomplish? Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 6 (2), 217–236.

Chavez, Carlos, & Salgado, Hugo. (2005). Individual transferable quota markets under illegal fishing. Environmental and Resource Economics, 31, 303–324.

Chu, Cindy. (2009). Thirty years later: The global growth of ITQs and their influence on stock status of marine fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 10, 217–230.

Clark, Colin W., Munro, Gordon R., & Sumaila, Ussif Rashid. (2005). Subsidies, buybacks and sustainable fisheries. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 50, 47–58.

Costello, Christopher. (Summer 2012). Introduction to the symposium on rights-based fisheries management. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 6 (2), 212–216.

Costello, Christopher, Gaines, Steven, & Lynham, John. (September 2008). Can catch shares prevent fisheries collapse? Science, 321, 1678–1680.

Costello, C., Ovando, D., Clavelle, T., Strauss, C. K., Hilborn, R., Melnychuk, M. C., Branch, T., Gaines, S., Szuwalski, C. S., Cabral, R. B., Rader, D. N., & Leland, A. (2016). Global fishery prospects under contrasting management regimes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113 (18), 5125–5129.

Dupont, D. P. (2014). Rights-based management in Canada: Lessons from two coasts and a centre. Marine Policy, 44, 60–64.

Geen, Gerry, & Nayar, Mark. (1988). Individual transferable quotas in the southern bluefin tuna fishery: An economic appraisal. Marine Resource Economics, 5, 365–388.

Grafton, R. G., Kompas, T., & Hilborn, R. W. (December 7, 2007). Economics of overexploitation revisted. Science, 318, 1601.

Huppert, Daniel D. (May 1990). Managing Alaska's groundfish fisheries: History and prospects. University of Washington Institute for Marine Resources Working Paper.

Jardine, S. L., & Sanchirico, J. N. (2012). Catch share programs in developing countries: A survey of the literature. Marine Policy, 36 (6), 1242–1254.

Jin, D., Thunberg, E., Kite-Powell, H., & Blake, K. (2002). Total factor productivity change in the New England groundfish fishery: 1964–1993. Journal of Environmental Economics & Management, 44 (3), 540–556.

Kristofferson, Dadi, & Rickersten, Dyrre. (2009). Highgrading in quota-regulated fisheries: Evidence from the Icelandic cod fishery. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 91(2), 335–346.

Kuperan, K., & Sutinen, Jon G. (1998). Blue water crime: Deterrance, legitimacy, and compliance in fisheries. Law and Society Review, 32, 309–338.

Lester, S. E., Costello, C., Rassweiler, A., Gaines, S. D., & Deacon, R. (2013). Encourage sustainability by giving credit for marine protected areas in seafood certification. PLoS Biology, 11 (12), e1001730.

Lynham, J. (2014). How have catch shares been allocated? Marine Policy, 44, 42–48.

Newell, Richard G., Sanchircom, James N., & Kerr, Suzi. (2005). Fishing quota markets. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 49, 437–462.

Palumbi, Stephen R. (2002). Marine Reserves: A Tool for Ecosystem Management and Conservation. Arlington, VA: Pew Oceans Commission.

Pramod, G., Nakamura, K., Pitcher, T. J., & Delagran, L. (2014). Estimates of illegal and unreported fish in seafood imports to the USA. Marine Policy, 48, 102–113.

Smith, M. D., & Wilen, J. E. (2003). Economic impacts of marine reserves: The importance of spatial behavior. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 46 (2), 183–206.

Sumaila, Rashid, & Armstrong, Claire W. (2006). Distributional and efficiency effects of marine protected areas: A study of the Northeast Atlantic cod fishery. Land Economics, 82, 321–332.

Sutinen, Jon G., & Anderson, Peder. (1985). The economics of fisheries law enforcement. Land Economics, 61, 387–397.

Tillion, C. V. (1985). Fisheries management in Alaska. In Fisheries Report 298: Papers Presented at the Expert Consultation on the Reduction of Fishing Effort (Fishing Mortality). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 291–297.

Urry, Amelia. (April 25, 2014). Is there a sustainable future for America’s most popular seafood? Grist. Available at: www.grist.org/food/is-there-a-sustainable-future-for-americas-most-popular-seafood/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_term=Weekly%2520April%252028&utm_campaign=weekly

White, C., & Costello, C. (2014). Close the high seas to fishing? Plos Biology, 12(3), 1–5.

Zeller, D., Cashion, T., Palomares, M., & Pauly, D. (January 2018). Global marine fisheries discards: A synthesis of reconstructed data. Fish and Fisheries, 19 (1), 30–39.

Historically Significant References

Clark, C. W. (1973). Profit maximization and the extinction of animal species. Journal of Political Economy, 81, 950–960.

Crutchfield, J. A., & Pontecovo, G. (1969). The Pacific Salmon Fisheries: A Study of Irrational Conservation. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Gordon, H. Scott. (1954). The economic theory of a common-property resource: The fishery. Journal of Political Economy, 62, 124–142.

Schaefer, M. D. (1957). Some considerations of population dynamics and economics in relation to the management of marine fisheries. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 14, 669–681.

Wilen, James E., Cancino, Jose, & Uchida, Hirotsugu. (Summer 2012). The economics of territorial use rights fisheries, or TURFs. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 6(2), 237–257.

World Bank and FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). (2009). The Sunken Billions: The Economic Justification for Fisheries Reform. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Additional Resources

Chapter 13

Arnason, Ragnar. (Summer 2012). Property rights in fisheries: How much can individually transferable quotas accomplish? Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 6 (2), 217–236.

Balmford, A., Fisher, B., Green, R. E., Naidoo, R., Strassburg, B., Turner, R. K. & Rodrigues, A. S. L. (2011). Bringing ecosystem services into the real world: An operational framework for assessing the economic consequences of losing wild nature. Environmental and Resource Economics, 48 (2), 161–175.

Bandara, Ranjith, & Tisdell, Clem. (2004). The net benefit of saving the Asian elephant: A policy and contingent valuation study. Ecological Economics, 48, 93–107.

Bateman, I. J., Mace, G. M., Fezzi, C., Atkinson, G. & Turner, K. (2011). Economic analysis for ecosystem service assessments. Environmental and Resource Economics, 48 (2), 177–218.

Bennett, Genevieve, Carroll, Nathaniel, & Hamilton, Katherine. (January 2013). Charting New Waters: State of Watershed Payments 2012, Executive Summary. Ecosystem Marketplace, A Forest Trends Initiative.

Bishop, R. C., Boyle, K. J., Carson, R. T., Chapman, D., Hanemann, W. M., Kanninen, B. Kopp, R. J., Krosnick, J. A., List, J., Meade, N., Paterson, R., Presser, S., Smith, V. K., Tourangeau, R., Welsh, M., Wooldridge, J. M., DeBell, M., Donovan, C., Konopka, M., & Scherer, N. (2017). Putting a value on injuries to natural assets: The BP oil spill. Science, 356 (6335), 253–254.

Boyd, James and Krupnick, Alan. (September 17, 2009). The definition and choice of environmental commodities for nonmarket valuation. Available at SSRN: wwwssrn.com/abstract=1479820 or www.dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1479820

Boyd, J. and Banzhaf, S. (2007). What are ecosystem services? The need for standardized environmental accounting units. Ecological Economics, 63 (2–3), 616–626.

Brander, Luke M., Florax, Raymond J. G. M., & Vermaat, Jan E. (February 2006). The empirics of wetland valuation: A comprehensive summary and a meta-analysis of the literature. Environmental and Resource Economics, 33 (2), 223–250.

Carson, Richard T., & Mitchell, Robert Cameron. (July 1993). The value of clean water: The public’s willingness to pay for boatable, fishable, and swimmable quality water. Water Resources Research, 29 (7), 2445–2454.

Costanza, Robert, d’Arge, Ralph, de Groot, Rudolf, Farberk, Stephen, Grasso, Monica, Hannon, Bruce, Limburg, Karin, Naeem, Shahid, O’Neill, Robert V., Paruelo, Jose, Raskin, Robert G., Sutton, Paul, & van den Belt, Marjan. (May 15, 1997). The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387, 253–260.

Costanza, R., de Groot, R., Sutton, P., van der Ploeg, S., Anderson, S. J., Kubiszewski, I., ... & Turner, R. K. (2014). Changes in the global value of ecosystem services. Global Environmental Change, 26, 152–158.

Finnoff, D., Shogren, J. F., Leung, B., & Lodge, D. (2007). Take a risk: Preferring prevention over control of biological invaders. Ecological Economics, 62 (2), 216–222.

Fisher, Brendan, Turner, R. Kerry, & Morling, Paul. (2009). Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision marking. Ecological Economics, 68, 643–653.

Johnston, Robert. (2014). Ecosystem services. In John Whitehead & Tim Haab (Eds.), Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood.

Johnston, Robert J. and Russell, Marc. (2011). “An operational structure for clarity in ecosystem service values,” Ecological Economcs, Vol 70: pp2243-2249, 2011

Johnston, R. J., Besedin, E. Y., Iovanna, R., Miller, C. J., Wardwell, R. F., & Ranson, M. H. (2005). Systematic variation in willingness to pay for aquatic resource improvements and implications for benefit transfer: A meta-analysis. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 53, 221–248. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2005.04018.x

Johnston, Robert J., Shultz, Eric T., Segerson, Kathleen, Besedin, Elena Y., & Ramachandran, Mahesh. (2012). Enhancing the content validity of stated preference valuation: The structure and function of ecological indicators. Land Economics, 88 (1), 102–120.

Kaiser, B. A., & Burnett, K. M. (2010). Spatial economic analysis of early detection and rapid response strategies for an invasive species. Resource and Energy Economics, 32 (4), 566–585.

Moore, Christopher C., Holmes, Thomas P., & Bell, Kathleen P. (2011). An attribute-based approach to contingent valuation of forest protection programs. Journal of Forest Economics, 17 (1), 35–52.

Pagiola, Stefano. (2008). Payments for environmental services in Costa Rica. Ecological Economics, 65(4), 712–724.

Parkhurst, Gregory M., Shogren, Jason F., Bastian, Chris, Kivi, Paul, Donner, Jennifer, & Smith, Rodney B.W. (2002). Agglomeration bonus: An incentive mechanism to reunite fragmented habitat for biodiversity conservation. Ecological Economics, 41 (2), 305–328.

Ratnieks, Francis L. W., & Carreck, Norman L. (January 8, 2010). Clarity on honey bee collapse? Science, 327, 152–153.

Salzman, James, & Ruhl, J. B. (2007). No net loss: Instrument choice in wetlands protection. In Jody Freeman and Charles D. Kolstad (Eds.) Moving to Markets in Environmental Protection: Lessons from Twenty Years of Experience. New York: Oxford University Press, 323–350.

Smith, Rodney B. W., & Shogren, Jason. (2002). Voluntary incentive design for endangered species protection. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 43 (2), 169–187.

Additional Resources

Chapter 14

Bovenberg, A. L., & Goulder, L. H. (1996). Optimal environmental taxation in the presence of other taxes: General-equilibrium analyses.American Economic Review,86 (4), 985–1000.

Goulder, L. H. (1997). Environmental taxation in a second-best world. In T. Tietenberg and H. Folmer (Eds.).The International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics 1997/1998. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 28–54.

Keohane, R. O. (2009). Cap and trade, rehabilitated: Using tradable permits to control U.S. greenhouse gases. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 3(1), 42–62.

Nordhaus, W. D. (2008). A Question of Balance: Weighing the Options of Global Warming Policies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Parry, I. W. H. (1995). Pollution taxes and revenue recycling.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,29(3, Part 2), S64–S77.

Parry, Ian W. H., & Bento, Antonio M. (January 2009). Tax deductions, environmental policy, and the “double dividend” hypothesis.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 39(1), 69–96.

Raymond, L. (2003).Private Rights in Public Resources: Equity and Property Allocation in Market-Based Environmental Policy. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future.

Historically Significant References

Dales, J. H. (1968).Pollution, Property, and Prices. Toronto: Toronto University Press.

Weitzman, M. (1974). Prices vs. quantities.Review of Economic Studies,41, 447–491.

Additional Resources

Chapter 15

Anderson, Robert, & Lohof, Andrew. (1997). The United States Experience with Economic Incentives in Environmental Pollution Control Policy. Washington, D.C.: Environmental Law Institute.

Atkinson, Scott E. (1983). Marketable pollution permits and acid rain externalities. Canadian Journal of Economics, 16, 704–722.

Atkinson, Scott E., & Lewis, Donald H. (1974). A cost-effective analysis of alternative air quality control strategies. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 1, 237–250.

Blackman, A. (2000). Informal sector pollution control: What policy options do we have? World Development, 28(12), 2067–2082.

Bolotin, Frederic N. (Ed.). (1989). International Public Policy Sourcebook. 2, Education and Environment. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Hahn, Robert W. (1984). Market power and transferable property rights. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 99, 753–765.

Hahn, R. W. (1989). Economic prescriptions for environmental problems: How the patient followed the doctor's orders. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3, 95–114.

Hahn, R. W., & Hester, G. L. (1989). Where did all the markets go? An analysis of EPA's emission trading program. Yale Journal of Regulation, 6, 109–153.

Hahn, Robert W., & Noll, Roger G. (1982). Designing a market for tradable emissions permits. In Wesley A. Magat (Ed.), Reform of Environmental Regulation. Cambridge: Ballinger, 119–146.

Haigh, John A., Harrison, David, Jr., & Nichols, Albert L. (August 1983). Benefits assessment and environmental regulation: Case studies of hazardous air pollutants. John F. Kennedy School of Government Energy and Environment Policy Center Discussion Paper E-83-07.

Harrison, David, Jr. (2004). Ex post evaluation of the RECLAIM emissions trading programmes for the Los Angeles air basin. In Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Ed.), Tradable Permits: Policy Evaluation, Design and Reform. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 45–69.

Henderson, J. V. (1996). Effects of air quality regulation. American Economic Review, 86(4), 789–813.

Krupnick, Alan J. (1986). Costs of alternative policies for the control of NO2 in the Baltimore region. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 13, 189–197.

Levinson, A. (1999). Grandfather regulations, new source bias, and state air toxics regulations. Ecological Economics, 28(2), 299–311.

List, J. A., & McHone, W. W. (2000). Measuring the effects of air quality regulations on "dirty" firm births: Evidence from the neo and mature regulatory periods. Papers in Regional Science, 79(2), 177–190.

Maloney, M. T., & Yandle, B. (1984). Estimation of the cost of air pollution control regulation. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2, 244–263.

McGartland, Albert M. (1984). Marketable permit systems for air pollution control: An empirical study. Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland.

Millock, Katrin, & Sterner, Thomas. (2004). NOx emissions in France and Sweden: Advanced fee schemes versus regulation. In Winston Harrington, Richard D. Morgenstern, & Thomas Sterner (Eds.), Choosing Environmental Policy: Comparing Instruments and Outcomes in the United Sates and Europe. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, 117–132.

Oates, Wallace E., Portney, Paul R., & McGartland, Albert M. (1989). The net benefits of incentive-based regulation: A case study of environmental standard-setting. The American Economic Review, 79, 1233–1242.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2004). Tradable Permits: Policy Evaluation, Design and Reform. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

O’Ryan, R. (1996). Cost-effective policies to improve urban air quality in Santiago, Chile. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 31(3), 302–313.

Popp, D. (2003). Pollution control innovations and the Clean Air Act of 1990. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 22(4), 641–660.

Roach, Fred, Kolstad, Charles, Kneese, Allen V., Tobin, Richard, & Williams, Michael. (1981). Alternative air quality policy options in the Four Corners region. Southwest Review, 1, 29–58.

Roumasset, James A., & Smith, Kirk R. (1990). Exposure trading: An approach to more efficient air pollution control. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 18, 276–291.

Seskin, Eugene P., Anderson, Robert J., & Reid, Robert O. An empirical analysis of economic strategies for controlling air pollution. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 10, 112–124.

Smith, Kirk R. (1998). Air pollution: Assessing total exposure in the United States. Environment, 30, 10–15, 33–38.

Soderholm, P. (1999). Pollution charges in a transition economy: The case of Russia. Journal of Economic Issues, 33(2), 403–410.

Sorrell, S., & Skea, J. (Eds.). (1999). Pollution for Sale: Emissions Trading and Joint Implementation. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar.

Spofford, Walter O., Jr. (1984). Efficiency properties of alternative source control policies for meeting ambient air quality standards: An empirical application to the Lower Delaware Valley. Resources for the Future, discussion paper D1189.

USEPA. The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act 1970–1990. Available at: www.yosemite.epa.gov/ee/epa/eerm.nsf/vwRepNumLookup/EE-0295?OpenDocument

U.S. General Accounting Office. (1990). Electric supply: Older plants' impact on reliability and air quality. GAO/RCED-90-200.

Wang, Hua, & Wheeler, David. (2005). Financial incentives and endogenous enforcement in China's pollution levy system. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 49(1), 174–196.

Additional Resources

Chapter 16

Anas, Alex, & Lindsay, Robin. (2011). Reducing urban road transportation externalities: Road pricing in theory and in practice.Review of Environmental Economics and Policy,5(1), 66–88.

Anderson, Soren T., Parry, Ian W. H., Sallee, James M., & Fisher, Carolyn. (2011). Automobile fuel economy standards: Impacts, efficiency, and alternatives.Review of Environmental Economics and Policy,5(1), 89–108.

Ball, Jeffrey, & Lundegaard, Karen. (December 29, 2002). Quirk in law lets some SUV drivers take big deduction.The Wall Street Journal.

Greene, David L., Patterson, Phillip D., Singh, Margaret, & Li, Jia. (2005). Feebates, rebates and gas-guzzler taxes: A study of incentives for increased fuel economy.Energy Policy,33, 757–775.

Helfand, Gloria, & Wolverton, Ann. (2011). Evaluating the consumer response to fuel economy: A review of the literature.International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics,5, 103–146.

Krunpnick, A., Harrington, W., et al. (2001). Public support for pollution fee policies for motor vehicles with revenue recycling: Survey results.Regional Science and Urban Economics,31(4), 505–522.

Leard, Benjamin, Joshua Linn and Virginia McConnell. (2017). “Fuel Prices, New Vehicle Fuel Economy, and Implications for Attribute Based Standards,” Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. 4(3); 659-700.

Linn, Joshua, Zhongmin Wang and Lunyu Xie. 2015. “Who will be affected by a congestion pricing scheme in Beijing?” RFF DP 15-08.

National Research Council. (2002).Effectiveness and Impact of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

Opschoor, J. B., & Vos, Hans B. (1989).Economic Instruments for Environmental Protection. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Parry, Ian, Walls, Margaret, & Harrington, Winston. (2007). Automobile externalities and policies.Journal of Economic Literature,45(2), 373–399.

Rask, K. (2004). Clean air policy and oxygenated fuels: Do we get what we pay for?Energy Economics,26(1), 161–177.

Safirova, Elena, Houde, Sebastien, & Harringon, Winston. (2007). Marginal social cost pricing on a transportation network: A comparison of second-best policies.RFF Discussion Paper07-52.

Van Wee, B., Moll, H. C. , & Dirks, J. (2000). Environmental impact of scrapping old cars.Transportation Research: Part D: Transport and the Environment,5(2), 137–143.

Additional Resources

Chapter 17

Adams, D. M., R. J. Alig, et al. "Minimum Cost Strategies for Sequestering Carbon in Forests,"Land Economics75, no. 3 (1999): 360-374.

Antle, J. M. and B. A. McCarl. "The Economics of Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils,"The International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics 2002/2003, Tietenberg, Tom and H. Folmer, eds. (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2002): 278–310.

Azar, C. and S. H. Schneider. "Are the Economic Costs of Stabilizing the Atmosphere Prohibitive?"Ecological Economics42 (2002) (1–2): 73–80.

Barrett, S. "The Problem of Global Environmental Protection,"Oxford Review of Economic Policy6 (Spring 1990) (1): 68–79.

Barrett, Scott. (1994). “Self-enforcing international environmental agreements”, Oxford Economic Papers 46: 878–894.

Barrett, Scott. 2013. Climate treaties and approaching catastrophes, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2012.12.004i

Bernard, A. L. and M. Vielle. "Measuring the Welfare cost of Climate Change Policies: A Comparative Assessment Based on the Computable General Equilibrium Model GEMINI-E3,"Environmental Modeling & Assessment8 (2003) (3): 199–217.

Bohm, Peter. "Incomplete International Cooperation to Reduce CO2 Emissions: Alternative Policies,"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management24, no. 3 (1993): 258-271.

Boyd, R. and M. E. Ibarraran. "Costs of Compliance with the Kyoto Protocol: a Developing Country Perspective,"Energy Economics24 (2002) (1): 21–39.

Brown, Peter G. "Policy Analysis, Welfare Economics, and the Greenhouse Effect,"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management7 (Spring 1988): 471-475.

Buonanno, P., C. Carraro, et al. "Endogenous Induced Technical Change and the Costs of Kyoto,"Resource and Energy Economics 25 (2003) (1): 11–34.

Burtraw, D., and E. Mansur. "Environmental Effects of SO2 Trading and Banking,"Environmental Science & Technology33, no. 20 (1999): 3489-3494.

Carlson, C., D. Burtraw, M. Cropper, and K. Palmer. "Sulfur Dioxide Control by Electric Utilities: What Are the Gains from Trade?"The Journal of Political Economy108, no. 6 (2000): 1292-1326.

Carraro, C. E. "Climate Change Policy: Models, Controversies and Strategies,"The International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics 2002/2003, Tietenberg, T. and H. Folmer, eds. (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2002): 1–65.

Chandler, P. and H. Tulkens. "The Core of an Economy with Multilateral Environmental Externalities,"International Journal of Game Theory26 (1997): 279–295.

Congressional Budget Office.Curbing Acid Rain: Cost, Budget, and Coal-Market Effects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1986.

Ellerman, A. D., P. L. Joskow, R. Schmalensee, J.-P. Montero, and E. Bailey.Markets for Clean Air: The U.S. Acid Rain Program. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Ellerman, A. Denny. "Lessons from Phase 2 Compliance with the U.S. Acid Rain Program,"MIT CEEPR Working Paper2003-009 (2003).

Feldman, Stephen L., and Robert K. Raufer.Emissions Trading and Acid Rain: Implementing a Market Approach to Pollution Control. Totowa: Rowman & Littlefield, 1987.

Grubb, M.The Greenhouse Effect: Negotiating Targets. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1989.

ICF Resources, Inc.Economic, Environmental, and Coal Market Impacts of SO2 Emissions Trading under Alternative Acid Rain Control Proposals. Fairfax: ICF Resources, Inc., 1989.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Climate Change 2001: Mitigation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeClimate Change 2013 The Physical Science BasisAvailable on the web at:www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/.

Jacquet, Jennifer, Kristin Hagel, Christoph Hauert, Jochem Marotzke, Torsten Rohl, and Manfred Milinski. 2013. “Intra- and intergenerational discounting in the climate game”Nature Climate ChangeOn the web at:www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate2024.html.

Jorgenson, D. W., and P. J. Wilcoxen. "Reducing U.S. Carbon Emissions: An Assessment of Different Instruments,"Journal of Policy Modeling15 (1993): 491-520.

Keohane, R. O. 2009. Cap and trade, rehabilitated: Using tradable permits to control U.S. greenhouse gases. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 3 (1):42-62.

Khanna, N. "Analyzing the Economic Cost of the Kyoto Protocol,"Ecological Economics38, no. 1 (2001): 59-69.

Kolstad, Jonathan T and Frank A. Wolak .2008. “Using Environmental Emissions Permit Prices to Raise Electricity Prices: Evidence from the California Electricity Market” (August). University of California energy institute Working Paper available at:www.ucei.berkeley.edu/pubs-csemwp.html.

Kruger, J. A. and W. A. Pizer. "Greenhouse Gas Trading in Europe-The New Grand Policy Experiment."Environment46(8) (2004): 8-+.

Lave, Lester B. "The Greenhouse Effect: What Government Actions Are Needed?"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management7 (1988): 460-470.

Lin, Boqiang and Xuehui Li .2011. “The Effect of Carbon Tax on Per Capita CO2 Emissions” Energy Policy 39(9):5137-5146

Mäler, Karl-Goran. "International Environmental Problems,"Oxford Review of Economic Policy6 (1990): 80-108.

Manne, A. S., and T. F. Rutherford. "International Trade in Oil, Gas and Carbon Emission Rights: An Intertemporal General Equilibrium Model,"Energy Journal15 (1994): 57-76.

Manne, A., and R. Richels. "U.S. Rejection of the Kyoto Protocol: The Impact on Compliance Costs and CO2 Emissions,"Energy Policy32, no. 4 (2004): 447-454.

Manne, Alan S., and Richard G. Richels.Buying Greenhouse Insurance: The Economic Costs of CO2 Emission Limits. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1992.

Matthews, S., R. O'Connor, et al. "Quantifying the Impacts on Biodiversity of Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Forests," Ecological Economics 40, no. 1 (2002): 71-87.

Mendelsohn, Robert, et al. "The Impact of Global Warming on Agriculture: A Ricardian Analysis,"The American Economic Review84 (1994): 753-771.

Meyer, Richard, and Bruce Yandle. "The Political Economy of Acid Rain,"Cato Journal7 (1987): 527-545.

Newell, R. G. and R. N. Stavins. "Climate Change and Forest Sinks: Factors Affecting the Costs of Carbon Sequestration,"Journal of Environmental Economics & Management40 (2000) (3): 211–235.

Nordhaus, W. D. 2008. A Question of Balance: Weighing the Options on Global Warming Policies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Palmer, A. R., W. E. Mooz, T. H. Quinn, and K. A. Wolf. "Economic Implications of Regulating Chlorofluorocarbon Emissions from Nonaerosol Applications,"Report #R-2524-EPA prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Rand Corporation, June 1980.

Parry, I. W. H., R. C. Williams, et al. "When Can Carbon Abatement Policies Increase Welfare? The Fundamental Role of Distorted Factor Markets,"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management37 (1999) (1): 52–84.

Pearce, David. "The Role of Carbon Taxes in Adjusting to Global Warming,"Economic Journal101 (1991): 938-948.

Piggott, J., et al. "How Large Are the Incentives to Join Subglobal Carbon-Reduction Initiatives,"Journal of Policy Modeling15 (1993): 473-490.

Portney, P. R. and J. P. WeyantDiscounting and Intergenerational Equity(Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, Inc., 1999).

Reddy, S. R. C., and C. Price. "Carbon Sequestration and Conservation of Tropical Forests under Uncertainty,"Journal of Agricultural Economics50, no. 1 (1999): 17-35.

Reilly, J., M. Mayer and J. Harnisch. "Multiple Gas Control under the Kyoto Agreement,"Second International Symposium on Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases, van Ham, J. A., P. M. Baede, L. A. Mayer, and R. Ybema, eds. (The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2002).

Rosenberg, Norman J., William E. Easterling III, Pierre R. Crosson, and Joel Darmstadter, eds.Greenhouse Warming: Abatement and Adaptation. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 1989.

Rosenzweig, Cynthia, and Martin L. Parry. "Potential Impact of Climate Change on World Food Supply,"Nature367 (1994): 133-138.

Springer, U. "The Market for Tradable GHG Permits under the Kyoto Protocol: A Survey of Model Studies,"Energy Economics25, no. 5 (2003): 527-551.

Sterner, T., et al. "Tax Policy, Carbon Emissions, and the Global Environment,"Journal of Transport Economics and Policy26 (1992): 109-119.

Tietenberg, Tom. "Implementation Issues: A General Survey." InCombatting Global Warming: Study on a Global System of Tradeable Carbon Emission Entitlements, edited by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 127-149. New York: United Nations, 1992.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.Combatting Global Warming: Study on a Global System of Tradeable Carbon Emission Entitlements. New York: United Nations, 1992.

Victor, D. G. "Limits of Market-based Strategies for Slowing Global Warming: The Case of Tradeable Permits,"Policy Sciences24, no. 2 (1991): 199-222.

Whalley, John, and Randall Wigle. "Cutting CO2 Emissions: The Effects of Alternative Policy Approaches,"Energy Journal12 (1991): 109-124.

Yohe, G., N. Andronova, and M. Schlesinger. "To Hedge or Not to Hedge Against an Uncertain Climate Future?"Science306 (October 15, 2004): 416–417.

Additional Resources

Chapter 18

Bennett, Lynne Lewis. (2000). The integration of water quality into transboundary allocation agreements: Lessons from the Southwestern United States. Agricultural Economics, 24, 113–125.

Bennett, Lynne Lewis, Thorpe, Steven G., & Guse, A. Joseph. (2000). Cost-effective control of nitrogen loadings in Long Island Sound. Water Resources Research, 36(12), 3711–3720.

Bystrom, Olof. (1998). The nitrogen abatement cost in wetlands. Ecological Economics, 26, 321–331.

Carson, R. T., & Mitchell, R. C. (1993). The value of clean water: The public's willingness to pay for boatable, fishable, and swimable quality water. Water Resources Research, 29, 2445–2454.

Congressional Budget Office. (1985). Efficient Investments in Wastewater Treatment Plants. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Congress.

Ek, K., & Persson, L. (2016). The economics of the European Water Framework Directive –A retrospective remark focusing on Sweden. CERE Working Paper, 16.

Farrow, R. Scott, Schultz, Martin T., Celikkol, Pinar, & Van Houtven, George L. (2005). Pollution trading in water quality limited areas: Use of benefits assessment and cost-effective trading ratios. Land Economics, 81( 2), 191–205.

Freeman, A. Myrick, III. (1978). Air and water pollution policy. In Paul R. Portney (Ed.), Current Issues in U.S. Environmental Policy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 12–67.

Garza-Gil, M. Dolores, Prada-Blanco, Albine, & Vasquez-Rodriguez, M. Zose. (2006). Estimating the short-term economic damages from the Prestige oil spill in the Galician fisheries and tourism. Ecological Economics, 58, 842–849.

Griffiths, C., & Wheeler, W. (2005). Benefit-cost analysis of regulations affecting surface water quality in the United States. In Roy Brouwer and David Pearce (Eds.), Cost Benefit Analysis and Water Resources Management. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 223–250.

Hascic, Ivan, & Wu, Junjie. (2006). Land use and watershed health in the United States. Land Economics, 82, 214–239.

Hutton, Guy, & Haller, Lawrence. (2004). Evaluation of the costs and benefits of water and sanitation improvements at the global level. Water, Sanitiation and Health Protection of the Human Environment, World Health Organization. Available at: www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/wsh0404/en/index.html

Industrial Economics. (1984). Case Studies on the Trading of Effluent Loads: Dillon Reservoir Final Report. Cambridge, MA: Industrial Economics.

McCann, Laura, & Easter, William K. (1999). Transaction costs of policies to reduce agricultural phosphorous pollution in the Minnesota River. Land Economics, 75(3), 402–415.

Naysnerski, Wendy, & Tietenberg, Tom. (1992). Private enforcement of environmental law. Land Economics, 68, 28–48.

Olmstead, Sheila M. (Winter 2010). The economics of water quality trading. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 4(1), 44–62.

Russell, Clifford. (1981). Controlled trading of pollution permits. Environmental Science and Technology, 15, 1–5.

Schwabe, Kurt A. (2001). Nonpoint source pollution, uniform control strategies and the Neuse River basin. Review of Agricultural Economics, 23(2), 352–369.

Tietenberg, Tom H. (1985). Emissions Trading: An Exercise in Reforming Pollution Policy. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, 46, Table 5.

Twain, Mark. (1893). Pudd'nhead Wilson. In The Writings of Mark Twain: Author's National Edition. New York: Harper and Brothers Publisher.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). (2004). Water Quality Trading Assessment Handbook. Washington, D.C.: Environmental Protection Agency.

U.S. EPA. (2009). Water Quality Trading. Washington, D.C.: United States Environmental Protection Agency. Available at: http://water.epa.gov/type/watersheds/trading.cfm

Wang, Hua, & Wheeler, David. (2005). Financial incentives and endogenous enforcement in China's pollution levy system. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 49(1), 174–196.

Historically Significant References

Kneese, Allen V., & Bower, Blair T. (1968). Managing Water Quality: Economics, Technology, Institutions. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Kneese, Allen V., & Schultze, Charles L. (1975). Pollution, Prices, and Public Policy. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.

Additional Resources

Chapter 19

Alberini, A., & Austin, D. (2002). Accidents waiting to happen: Liability policy and toxic pollution release. Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(4), 729–741.

Anderson, Frederick R. (1989). Natural resource damages, Superfund, and the courts. Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, 16, 405–457.

Anderton, Douglas L., Anderson, Andy B., Oakes, John Michael, & Fraser, Michael R. (1994). Environmental equity: The demographics of dumping. Demography, 31, 229–248.

Arora, S., & Cason, T. N. (1996). Why do firms volunteer to exceed environmental regulations? Understanding participation in EPA's 33/50 program. Land Economics, 72(4), 413–432.

Asch, Peter, & Seneca, Joseph J. (1978). Some evidence on the distribution of air quality. Land Economics, 54, 278–297.

Bartik, Timothy J. (1988). The effects of environmental regulation on business location in the United States. Growth and Change, 19, 22–44.

Bingham, Taylor H., Anderson, Donald W., & Cooley, Philip C. (1987). Distribution of the generation of air pollution. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 14, 30–40.

Bowen, W. (2002). An analytical review of environmental justice research: What do we really know? Environmental Management, 29, 3–15.

Boyce, James K. (2007). Inequality and environmental protection. In Jean-Marie Baland, Pranab Bardhan, & Samuel Bowles (Eds.), Inequality, Cooperation and Environmental Sustainability. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 413–445.

Brajer, Victor, & Hall, Jane V. (1992). Recent evidence on the distribution of air pollution effects. Contemporary Policy Issues, 10, 63–71.

Brooks, Nancy, & Sethi, Rejiv. (1997). The distribution of pollution: Community characteristics and exposure to air toxics. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 34, 695–716.

Bullard, Robert D. (1990). Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class and Environmental Quality. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Chakraborty, Jayajit. (2001). Acute exposure to extremely hazardous substances: An analysis of environmental equity. Risk Analysis, 21(5), 883–895.

Collins, Robert A. (1977). The distributive effects of public law 92-500. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 4, 344–354.

Congressional Budget Office. (1994). The Total Cost of Cleaning Up Nonfederal Superfund Sites. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Conrad, Klaus, & Morrison, Catherine. (1989). The impact of pollution abatement investment on productivity change: An empirical comparison of the U.S., Germany, and Canada. Southern Economic Journal, 55, 684–698.

Costanza, Robert, & Perrings, Charles. (1990). A flexible assurance bonding system for improved environmental management. Ecological Economics, 2, 57–75.

Crandall, Robert W. (1983). Controlling Industrial Pollution. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.

Dechert, W. Davis, & Smith, James L. (1988). Environmental liability and economic incentives for hazardous waste management. Houston Law Review, 25, 935–942.

DeMeza, David, & Gould, J. R. (1987). Free access versus private property in a resource: Income distributions compared. Journal of Political Economy, 95, 1317–1325.

Dente, Bruno, Fareri, Paolo, & Ligteringen, Josee (Eds.). (1998). The Waste and the Backyard: The Creation of Waste Facilities in Six European Countries. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Dinan, Terry M., & Rogers, Diane Lim. (2002). Distributional effects of carbon allowance trading: How government decisions determine winners and losers. National Tax Journal, 55, 199–222.

Dorfman, N. S. (1975). Who will pay for pollution control? The distribution by income of the burden of the national Environmental Protection Program, 1972–1980. National Tax Journal, 28, 101–115.

Dorfman, Robert. (1977). Incidence of the benefits and costs of environmental programs. The American Economic Review, 67, 333–340.

Evans, David B. (1986). The differential effect of regulation across plant size: Comment on Pashigian. The Journal of Law and Economics, 29, 187–200.

Evans, Gary, & Kantrowitz, Elyse. (2002). Socioeconomic status and health: The potential role of environmental risk exposure. Annual Review of Public Health, 23, 303–331.

Farber, Stephen C., & Martin, Robert E. (1986). Market structure and pollution control under imperfect surveillance. Journal of Industrial Economics, 35, 147–160.

Freeman, A. Myrick, III. (1977). The incidence of the cost of controlling automotive air pollution. In F. T. Juster (Ed.), The Distribution of Economic Well-Being. Cambridge: Ballinger.

Frey, Bruno S., & Oberholzer-Gee, Felix. (1997). The cost of price incentives: An empirical analysis of motivation crowding out. American Economic Review, 87(4), 746–755.

Frey, Bruno S., Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, & Eichenberger, Reiner. (1996). The old lady visits your backyard: A tale of morals and markets. Journal of Political Economy, 104(6), 1297–1313.

General Accounting Office. (1991). Toxic Substances: Status of EPA's Reviews of Chemicals under the Chemical Testing Program. Washington, D.C.: General Accounting Office.

General Accounting Office. (1994). Toxic Substances Control Act: EPA's Limited Progress in Regulating Toxic Chemicals. Washington, D.C.: General Accounting Office.

Gianessi, Leonard P., & Peskin, Henry M. (1981). Analysis of national water pollution control policies, 2: Agricultural sediment control. Water Resources Research, 17, 803–821.

Gianessi, L. P., Peskin, H. M., & Wolff, Edward. (1979). The distributional effects of uniform air pollution policy in the United States. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 93, 281–301.

Graham, M., & Miller, C. (2001). Disclosure of toxic releases in the United States. Environment, 43(8), 8–20.

Grant, D., & Jones, A. W. (2003). Are subsidiaries more prone to pollute? New evidence from the EPA's Toxic Release Inventory. Social Science Quarterly, 84(1), 162–173.

Grigalunas, Thomas A., & Opaluch, James J. (1988). Assessing liability for damages under CERCLA: A new approach for providing incentives for pollution avoidance. Natural Resources Journal, 28, 509–533.

Hamilton, James T. (2005). Environmental equity and the siting of hazardous waste facilities in OECD countries: Evidence and policies. In T. Tietenberg and H. Folmer (Eds.), International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics 2005/2006. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 97–156.

Hamilton, James, T. (2006). Environmental equity and the siting of hazardous waste facilities in OECD countries. In Ysé Serret & Nick Johnstone (Eds.), The Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, Chapter 7.

Hamilton, James T., & Viscusi, W. Kip. (1999). Calculating Risks? The Spatial and Political Dimensions of Hazardous Waste Policy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Harrington, Winston. (1981). The Distribution of Recreational Benefits from Improved Water Quality: A Micro-Simulation, Discussion Paper D-80. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future.

Harrison, David, Jr. (1975). Who Pays for Clean Air? The Cost and Benefit Distribution of Automobile Emission Standards. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.

Hughes, John S., Magat, Wesley A., & Ricks, William A. (1986). The economic consequences of the OSHA cotton dust standards: An analysis of stock price behavior. The Journal of Law and Economics, 29, 29–59.

Johnson, Gary V., & Ulen, Thomas S. (1986). Designing public policy toward hazardous wastes: The role of administrative regulations and legal liability rules. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68, 1266–1271.

Kahn, Matthew E. (2001). The beneficiaries of Clean Air Act regulation. Regulation, 24, 34–38.

Khanna, M., Quimio, W. R. H., & Bojilova, D. (1998). Toxics release information: A policy tool for environmental protection. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 36(3), 243–266.

Kinnaman, Thomas, & Yokoo, Hide-Fumi. (2011). The environmental consequences of global reuse. American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, 101(3), 71–76.

Kopp, Raymond J., & Smith, V. Kerry. (Fall 1989). Benefit estimation goes to court: The case of natural resource damage assessments. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 8, 593–612.

Lake, Elizabeth, Hanneman, William M., & Oster, Sharon M. (1979). Who Pays for Clean Water? The Distribution of Water Pollution Control Costs. Boulder, CO: Westview.

Lave, Lester B. (Ed.). (1982). Quantitative Risk Assessment in Regulation. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.

Leone, Robert A., & Jackson, John J. (1977). The political economy of federal regulatory activity. In Gary Fromm (Ed.), Studies in Public Regulation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 231–271.

Maloney, Michael T., & Brady, Gordon L. (1988). Capital turnover and marketable pollution rights. Journal of Law and Economics, 31, 203–226.

Maloney, Michael T., & McCormick, Robert E. (1982). A positive theory of environmental quality regulation. The Journal of Law and Economics, 25, 99–123.

Marakovits D. M., & Considine, T. J. (1996). An empirical analysis of exposure-based regulation to abate toxic air pollution. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 31(3), 337–351.

Mendeloff, John M. (1988). The Dilemma of Toxic Substance Regulation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Messer, Kent, Schulze, William, Hackett, Katherine, Cameron, Trudy, & McClelland, Gary. (2004). Stigma: The Psychology and Economics of Superfund. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Morgenstern, Richard D., Pizer, William, & Shih, Jhih-Shyang. (2002). Jobs versus the environment: An industry-level perspective. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 43, 412–436.

Natan, T., & Miller, C. (1998). Are toxic release inventory reductions real? Environmental Science & Technology, 35(5), 368–374.

Nelson, Randy, Tietenberg, Tom, & Donihue, Michael. (1993). Differential environmental regulation: Effects on electric utility capital turnover and emissions. Review of Economics and Statistics, 75, 368–373.

Nichols, Albert L. (1982). The importance of exposure in evaluating and designing environmental regulations: A case study. The American Economic Review, 72, 214–219.

Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2004). EPA Needs to Consistently Implement the Intent of the Executive Order on Environmental Justice: Evaluation Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Ostro, Bart D. (1981). The distributional effects of public law 92-500. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 8, 196–198.

Parry, Ian W. H. (2004). Are emissions permits regressive? Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 47, 364–387.

Pashigian, B. Peter. (1984). The effects of environmental regulation on optimal plant size and factor shares. The Journal of Law and Economics, 28, 1–28.

Pashigian, Peter. (1985). Environmental regulation: Whose self-interests are being protected? Economic Inquiry, 23, 551–584.

Pearce, David. (2006). Framework for assessing the distribution of environmental quality. In Ysé Serret & Nick Johnstone (Eds.), The Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 23–78.

Pittman, Russell W. (1981). Issues in pollution control: Interplant cost differences and economies of scale. Land Economics, 57, 1–17.

Rabe, Barry G. (1994). Beyond NIMBY: Hazardous Waste Siting in Canada and the United States. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.

Rechtschaffen, C. (1999). How to reduce lead exposure with one simple statute: The experience with Proposition 65. Environmental Law Reporter, 29, 10581–10591.

Roe, David. (1988). Barking up the right tree: Recent progress in focusing the toxic issue. Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, 13, 277–280.

Rose, Adam, Stevens, Brandt, & Davis, Gregg. (1988). Natural Resource Policy and Income Distribution. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Russell, Clifford S. (1988). Economic incentives in the management of hazardous waste. Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, 13, 257–274.

Sadd, James L., Pastor, Manuel, Boer, J. Thomas, & Snyder, Lori. (1999). Every breath you take ... The demographics of toxic air releases in Southern California. Economic Development Quarterly, 13(2), 107–123.

Segerson, Kathleen. (1989). Risk and incentives in the financing of hazardous waste cleanup. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 16, 1–8.

Segerson, Kathleen, & Tietenberg, Tom. (1992). The structure of penalties in environmental enforcement: An economic analysis. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 23, 179–200.

Shortle, James S., & Willett, Keith D. (1986). The incidence of water pollution control costs: Partial vs. general equilibrium computations. Growth and Change, 17, 32–43.

Stoft, S. (1993). Appliance standards and the welfare of poor families. The Energy Journal, 14(4), 123–128.

Sullivan, Arthur M. (1986). Liability rules for toxics cleanup. Journal of Urban Economics, 20, 191–204.

Sutherland, R. J. (1994). Income distribution effects of electric utility DSM programs. The Energy Journal, 15(4), 103–118.

Tietenberg, T. H. (November 1989). Indivisible toxic torts: The economics of joint and several liability. Land Economics, 65, 305–319.

Tietenberg, T., & Wheeler, D. (2001). Empowering the community: Information strategies for pollution control. In H. Folmer, H. L. Gabel, S. Gerking, & A. Rose (Eds.), Frontiers of Environmental Economics. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 85–120.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2004). Cleaning Up the Nation's Waste Sites: Markets and Technology Trends. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Viscusi, W. Kip, & Aldy, Joseph E. (2003. The value of a statistical life: A critical review of market estimates throughout the world. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 27(1), 5–76.

Walls, Margaret, & Hansen, Jean. (1999). Distribution aspects of an environmental tax shift: The case of motor vehicles emissions taxes. National Tax Journal, 52, 53–65.

West, Sarah E. (2004). Distributional effects of alternative vehicle pollution control policies. Journal of Public Economics, 88, 735–757.

Zupan, Jeffrey M. (1973). The Distribution of Air Quality in the New York Region. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future.

Additional Resources

Chapter 20

Alpay, S. (2000). Does trade always harm the global environment? A case for positive interaction. Oxford Economic Papers New Series, 52(2), 272–288.

Antweiler, W., Copeland, B. R., et al. (2001). Is free trade good for the environment? American Economic Review, 91(4), 877–908.

Asheim, Geir B. (1994). Net national product as an indicator of sustainability. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 55, 257–265.

Barbera, Anthony J., & McConnell, Virginia D. (1990). The impact of environmental regulations on industry productivity: Direct and indirect effects. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 18, 50–65.

Barbier, E., & Schulz, C. (1997). Wildlife, biodiversity and trade. Environment and Development Economics, 2(2), 145–172.

Barrett, J. A. (2001). The global environment and free trade: A vexing problem and a taxing solution. Indiana Law Journal, 76(4), 829–887.

Becker, R., & Henderson, V. (2000). Effects of air quality regulation on polluting industries. Journal of Political Economy, 108(2), 379–421.

Bhagwati, J. (2000). On thinking clearly about the linkage between trade and the environment. Environment and Development Economics, 5(4), 485–496.

Chichilnisky, Graciela. (1994). North–South trade and the global environment. The American Economic Review, 84, 851–874.

Cole, M. A. (2004). Trade, the pollution haven hypothesis and the Environmental Kuznets Curve: Examining the linkages. Ecological Economics, 8(1), 71–81.

Crosson, Pierre R., & Rosenberg, Norman J. (1989). Strategies for agriculture. Scientific American, 261, 128–135.

Daly, Herman E. (1987). The economic growth debate: What some economists have learned but many have not. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 14, 323–336.

Daly, Herman E. (1991). Steady-State Economics. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Dean, Judith M. (1992). Trade and the environment: A survey of the literature. In Patrick Low (Ed.), International Trade and the Environment. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 15–28.

Dean, J. (2002). Testing the impact of trade liberalization on the environment: Theory and evidence. Canadian Journal of Economics, 35(4), 819–842.

Ekins, P. (2004). International trade and sustainable development. Ecological Economics, 49(3), 411–412.

El Serafy, Salah. (1981). Absorptive capacity, the demand for revenue, and the supply of petroleum. The Journal of Energy and Development, 7, Appendix A.

Esty, D. C. (2001). Bridging the trade–environment divide. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(3), 113–130.

Frosch, Robert A., & Gallopoulos, Nicholas E. (1989). Strategies for manufacturing. Scientific American, 261, 144–152.

Gallagher, K. P. (2004). Free Trade and the Environment: Mexico, NAFTA and Beyond. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Greenstone, M. (2002). The impacts of environmental regulations on industrial activity: Evidence from the 1970 and the 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments and the Census of Manufactures. Journal of Political Economy, 110(6), 1175–1219.

Hettige, H., Mani, M., & Wheeler, D. (2000). Industrial pollution in economic development: Kuznets revisited. Journal of Development Economics, 62(2), 445–476.

Hicks, John R. (1939). Value and Capital. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Howarth, Richard B., & Norgaard, Richard B. (1990). Intergenerational resource rights. Land Economics, 66, 1–11.

Hudson, D., Hite, D., et al. (2003). Environmental regulation through trade: The case of shrimp. Journal of Environmental Management, 68(3), 231–238.

Jaffe, Adam B., Peterson, Steven R., Portney, Paul R., & Stavins, Robert N. (1995). Environmental regulation and the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing: What does the evidence tell us? Journal of Economic Literature, 33, 132–163.

Kahn, M. (1997). Particulate pollution trends in the United States. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 27(1), 87–107.

Lenhardt, W. C. (2000). Green trade on the web. Environment, 4(9), 3–4.

Levinson, A. (2000). The missing pollution haven effect. Environmental and Resource Economics, 15(4), 343–364.

List, J. A., & Gallet, C. (1999). The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Does one size fit all? Ecological Economics, 31(3), 409–423.

McNeeley, Jeffrey A., et al. (1990). Strategies for conserving biodiversity. Environment, 32, 16–20, 36–40.

Meyer, Stephen M. (1993). Environmentalism and Economic Prosperity: Testing the Environmental Impact Hypothesis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Muradian, R., & Alier, J. Martinez. (2001). Trade and the environment: From a “southern” perspective. Ecological Economics, 36(2), 281–297.

Neumayer, E. (2001). Greening Trade and Investment. London: Earthscan.

Pezzey, John. (1992). Sustainable Development Concepts: An Economic Analysis. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Environment Department.

Pezzey, John. (1994). The Optimal Sustainable Depletion of Non-Renewable Resources. Association of Environmental and Natural Resource Economists Workshop, Boulder, CO, June 5–6.

Porter, Michael E. (April 1991). America's green strategy. Scientific American, 264(4), 168.

Toman, Michael A. (1994). Economics and "sustainability”: Balancing trade-offs and imperatives. Land Economics, 70, 399–413.

Van Beers, C., & van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. (2001). Perseverance of perverse subsidies and their impact on trade and environment. Ecological Economics, 36(3), 475–486.

Vaughan, S. (2004). How green is NAFTA? Measuring the impacts of agricultural trade. Environment, 46(2), 26–42.

Vincent, J. R. (1997). Testing for Environmental Kuznets Curves within a developing country. Environment and Development Economics, 2(4), 417–431.

Vitousek, Peter M., et al. (1986). Human appropriation of the products of photosynthesis. BioScience, 36, 368–373.

Whittington, Dale. (June 2002). Improving the performance of contingent valuation studies in developing countries. Environmental & Resource Economics, 22(1), 323–367.

World Bank. (1992). World Development Report 1992: Development and the Environment. New York: Oxford University Press.

World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Pres.

World Resources Institute. (1989). Natural Endowments: Financing Resource Conservation for Development. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute.

Xu, X. P. (2000). International trade and environmental regulation: Time series evidence and cross section test. Environmental and Resource Economics, 17(3), 233–257.

Historically Significant References

Boulding, Kenneth E. (1964). The Meaning of the Twentieth Century. New York: Harper and Row.

Dasgupta, P. S., & Heal, G. M. (1979). Economic Theory and Exhaustible Resources. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hartwick, J. M. (1977). Intergenerational equity and the investing of rents from exhaustible resources. American Economic Review, 67, 972–974.