Study Guides

Chapter 1

What are the health-related goals of Healthy People 2020?
What are the definitions of “health,” “communication,” and “health communication”?
What is the difference between multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary research?
What is the difference between translational, basic, and applied research?
What is metatheory?
What are the goals of quantitative and qualitative research methods?
What are the ontology, epistemology, and axiology of the scientific paradigm?
What are the ontology, epistemology, and axiology of the interpretive paradigm?
What are the ontology, epistemology, and axiology of the critical–cultural paradigm?

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Chapter 2

What are the components of patient participation?
What organizational and interpersonal variables influence patient participation?
What did Beckman and Frankel (1984), Marvel et al. (1999), and Dyche and Swiderski (2005) find out about physicians interrupting patients?
What methods do researchers use to elicit and analyze people's illness narratives, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each method?
What is the difference between restitution, chaos, and quest illness narratives?
What is uncertainty, and what are medical, personal, and social sources of uncertainty?
What is the difference between physician-centered and patient-centered decision making?
What are the components of good decision making?
How do decision aids influence medical decision making?
What do we learn from Ellen's and Norman Cousins' stories about power imbalances, status quo, and marginalized populations?
What are the guidelines in the PACE communication skills training protocol?

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Chapter 3

What are lay caregivers, and what do they do?
What is entailed in caregiver burden?
What are five areas of potential family disagreement in the caretaking context?
What family communication patterns are associated with better or worse patient outcomes?
According to a scientific perspective on social support, how is social support related to health for patients and their caregivers?
According to an interpretive perspective on social support, how is support related to uncertainty, decision making, and quality of life?
In Zhang and Siminoff (2003), what method did they use to collect data, how did they analyze the data, and what did they find?
According to McAndrew, Warne, Fallon, and Moran (2012), what are unique needs of young caregivers?
What are dilemmas of social support?

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Chapter 4

What does the term “provider” mean, and what roles are included in this group?
What is the difference between the biomedical model and the biopsychosocial model?
What is the difference between the paternalistic model and the patient-centered model?
What are the core attributes of patient-centered communication?
What role do motivation, knowledge, and skill play in patient-centered communication?
What is shared decision making?
What is the definition of health literacy, and what four components are included in health literacy?
What is the relationship between patient-centered communication, shared decision making, and health literacy?
What are unique communication challenges faced by dentists, nurses, pharmacists, and emergency room providers?
What do communication skills training programs for providers teach, and what are the outcomes of these training programs?
What is the difference between skill differentiation and authority differentiation?
Why is cultural communication training needed?
What is the teach-back method and what makes it unique?

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Chapter 5

What counts as “good” communication from a scientific perspective? From an interpretive perspective?
How does a provider’s lexical choice impact interaction outcomes?
What is the typical sequence of events during a medical visit?
What is the difference between naturalistic and intervention research?
What is the difference between scientific and interpretive analysis?
What outcomes are associated with patient participation?
How is patient participation assessed from a scientific perspective and from an interpretive perspective?
What kind of data did Stivers (2005a, 2005b) collect, how did she analyze the data, and what did she find?
What kind of data did Heritage et al. (2007) collect, how did they analyze the data, and what did they find?
How are providers trained in communication skills?
What is the difference between patients’ and providers’ views of shared decision making?

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Chapter 6

What is the cost of poor communication in terms of patient deaths?
Health care teams vary in terms of what dimensions?
What is the difference between ad hoc, nominal care, unidisciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary health care teams?
What is the input-process-output model, and how has it been used in research?
How does communication function as information exchange and as the construction of meaning in health care teams?
What kind of data did Ellingson (2003) collect, how did she analyze the data, and what did she find?
What kind of data did Eisenberg et al. (2005) collect, how did they analyze the data, and what did they find?
What are the SBAR and COMFORT protocols and how do they affect communication in health care teams?
What is the difference between conduit, clarifier, culture broker, patient advocate, and co-diagnostician medical interpreters?
What are five different types of interpreters?
What affects the effectiveness of medical interpreters?

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Chapter 7

What are the five dimensions of uncertainty in illness?
Is uncertainty a good, bad, or neutral experience?
How do appraisals of uncertainty shape uncertainty management strategies?
How has health literacy been defined and measured in previous research?
What is the Ask Me 3 program, and what is its purpose?
How is patient participation studied from a scientific perspective and from an interpretive perspective?
In what ways has the United States become more diverse in the past several decades?
How do racism, sexism, and class-ism affect health, healthcare, and health communication?
What are culturally and linguistically appropriate services?
What are some community challenges to effective healthcare?
What kind of data did researchers with the University of Kentucky Rural Cancer Prevention Center collect, how did they analyze the data, and what did they find?
What are the basic tenets of the Affordable Care Act?
What is the Patient-Centered Medical Home model?

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Chapter 8

What are health disparities, and what are some examples of specific disparities?
What is the difference between studying culture as a variable and culture as context?
What are some recommendations that organizations can follow to promote culturally competent care?
What is othering, and what are two ways that it happens?
What is culturalism?
What are the two dimensions of ethnicity?
What is the difference between weathering and microaggressions?
What is “susto,” and how does it illustrate culture as context?
What is the difference between disease and illness?
What is the PEN-3 model, and how does it illustrate a critical–cultural perspective?
What is community-based participatory research, and what are some of the paradoxes entailed in the method?
What kind of data did Wang et al. (2012) collect, how did they analyze the data, and what did they find?
What kind of data did Ho and Bylund (2008) collect, how did they analyze the data, and what did they find?

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Chapter 9

What are the negative outcomes of adolescents' substance use, risky sexual behavior, gender-based violence, and cyberbullying?
What is sensation seeking, and what are its four dimensions?
What is the Activation Model of Information Exposure, and how has it been used in research?
What is SENTAR, and how has it been used in research?
What is the theory of reasoned action, and how has it been used in research?
What is social cognitive theory, and how has it been used in research?
What is the keepin' it REAL program, and what are the outcomes of this program?
What interventions have targeted preventing risky sexual activity among adolescents, and what were the outcomes of these intervention efforts?
What is an evidence-based intervention, and why is it important?

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Chapter 10

What is mental illness, and how common is it?
What is stigma, and how are labels for mental illness related to stigma?
How is mental illness portrayed in the media, and what are the effects of this portrayal?
According to Coyne's (1976) research on emotional contagion, what is one reason that communication with depressed people can be challenging?
What does the theory of inconsistent nurturing as control describe, and what has research found related to this theory?
What are the different ways that mental illness can be treated, and what are the advantages and disadvantages to each?
What kind of data did Segrin et al. (2011) collect, how did they analyze the data, and what did they find?

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Chapter 11

What are the four principles of medical ethics?
What happened in the cases of Tuskeegee, Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital, and Willowbrook?
What is the Belmont Report?
What principle is informed consent rooted in, and what are the three criteria for giving informed consent?
What is an advance directive, and what are several reasons why advance directives are not always effective? What is a better alternative to advance directives?
What are some factors that affect surrogate decision makers' accuracy?
Why is there a discrepancy between the attitudes and behavior concerning organ donation in the U.S.?
How can communication research help improve organ donation rates?
How common are medical errors, and how does communication impact medical errors?
What is a healthcare provider's ethical obligation to disclose medical errors? Why aren't medical errors reported more often?

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Chapter 12

What is the difference between an electronic health record and a personal health record, and what are the outcomes of these records?
What is telemedicine, and what four contexts does it entail?
What are the benefits of telemedicine, and what are the challenges to using telemedicine?
What is Health 2.0?
How many people look up health information online?
What is the HONcode, and what does it mean?
What is the most trusted source of health information?
How do patients share information online? How do providers share information online?
What is the difference between patient blogs and physician blogs?
What is SparkPeople.com and how has it been evaluated in research?

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Chapter 13

What is the difference between agenda-setting theory, priming theory, and framing theory in terms of media effects?
What kind of data did Lawrence (2004) collect, how did she analyze the data, and what did she find?
What is the difference between cultivation theory and social cognitive theory in terms of media learning?
What is the difference between the knowledge gap hypothesis and a communication inequality perspective?
What kind of data did Wakefield et al. (1998) collect, how did they analyze the data, and what did they find? What was the impact of the publication of this study?
What is direct-to-consumer advertising, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of DTCA?
What are the three kinds of direct-to-consumer advertisements?
What kind of data did Lee (2010) collect, how did he analyze the data, and what did he find? Why are these results important?
What is entertainment-education?

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Chapter 14

What is the difference between campaigns and interventions?
What is the relationship between reach and effect size?
What is the difference between community-based and school-based interventions?
What is involved in the design, implementation, and evaluation of campaigns?
What was the ONDCP Marijuana Initiative? What kind of campaign design and implementation did the researchers use? What were the results of the evaluation?
What was the Web-based Support for Community Tobacco Control Coalitions? What kind of campaign design and implementation did the researchers use? What were the results of the evaluation?
What was the All Stars project? What kind of campaign design and implementation did the researchers use? What were the results of the evaluation?
What are some special considerations for conducting a mass media campaign, community-based intervention, and school-based intervention?

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Chapter 15

What is eHealth? Why have we invested so many resources in eHealth, and why is there so much excitement about eHealth?
What is interactivity?
What are the advantages of eHealth applications?
What is tailoring?
What kind of data did Campbell et al. (1994) collect, how did they analyze the data, and what did they find?
What are mobile programs, and how effective are they?
How can social media be used in eHealth applications?

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Chapter 16

What is the difference between risk communication and crisis communication?
What is the best research method for analyzing and evaluating communication strategies used during health crises?
What do the crisis stage models have in common? How do they differ?
What is CERC, and how has it been used?
What is renewal discourse, and when is it most successful?
What is the role of media in risk and crisis communication?
What is the ethical standard of significant choice when it comes to communicating in a crisis?

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