Chapter 1 Basic Concepts (Explanatory material)

Unit 1

• 1.1.1 For each of the following clauses say whether a participant or a circumstance has been chosen as Theme (the first constituent of the clause).
• 1.1.2 For each of the following clauses say whether Subject, Direct Object or Adjunct has been selected as Theme.
• 1.1.3 Change the following active sentences into passive ones.

Unit 2

• 1.2.1 Read the clause below and answer the questions that follow: Huge numbers of people have been voting in The Netherlands today.
• 1.2.2 To which class does each of the following groups belong?
• 1.2.2(2) ! Brain-teaser: Why are the following sets of words not grammatical units?
• 1.2.2(3) Add something to make each one a type of unit.
• 1.2.3 Identify each clause as one of the following: i) independent; ii) dependent finite; iii) dependent non-finite; iv) abbreviated; v) verbless.

Unit 3

• 1.3.1 Make the following sentences negative.
• 1.3.2 Use not-negation in the first two and no-negation in the last two.
• 1.3.3 Transfer the negative element to the first verb in the clause.
• 1.3.4 Correct the following sentences if they are incorrect.