The book aims to facilitate the advancement and diffusion of knowledge of the flow physics in box culverts and fish kinematics in culvert barrels. It contains a number of photographs and movies showing a range of flow phenomena and interactions with fish. This appendix presents a series of movies of box culvert operation and high-speed video movies of fish swimming taken by the author's research group. The movies illustrate some aspects of fish swimming in a full-scale box culvert barrel. Each movie is described below. Table F-1 summarises the hydraulic engineering conditions of the high-speed video movies of small-bodied fish swimming in box culvert channels.
All the movies are Copyrights Hubert Chanson.
10 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 30 fps, full HD resolution 1920x1080 pixels
Box culvert operation at full capacity with inlet control and submerged inlet. Laboratory model at the University of Queensland. Flow conditions: Q = 0.012 m3/s (Δh = 0.109 m), Bcell = 0.150 m, Dcell = 0.107 m, dhw = 0.146 m, dhw = 0.065 m, Submerged inlet.
Chapter 2
Chanson, H. (2004). "The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction." Butterworth-Heinemann, 2nd edition, Oxford, UK, 630 pages.
18 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 30 fps, full HD resolution 1920x1080 pixels
Box culvert operation at 20% design discharge with outlet control and free-surface inlet. Laboratory model at the University of Queensland. Flow conditions: Q = 0.002 m3/s (Δh = 0.015 m), Bcell = 0.150 m, Dcell = 0.107 m, dhw = 0.045 m, dhw = 0.030 m, Submerged inlet.
Chapter 2
Chanson, H. (2004). "The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction." Butterworth-Heinemann, 2nd edition, Oxford, UK, 630 pages.
Fish swimming observations were conducted in a 12 m long 0.5 m wide box culvert barrel channel (Table F-1). All experimentations were conducted based upon protocols developed with biologists in accordance to strict animal ethical standards (Wang et al. 2016a, Cabonce et al. 2017,2018,2019).
64 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Duboulay's rainbowfish (Melanotaenia duboulayi) swimming upstream in the left bottom corner of a smooth box culvert barrel flume (12 m long, 0.5 m wide) for q = 0.052 m2/s, Vmean = 0.54 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 69 mm, mf = 2.7 g
Chapter 4
Wang, H., Chanson, H., Kern, P., and Franklin, C. (2016). "Culvert Hydrodynamics to enhance Upstream Fish Passage: Fish Response to Turbulence." Proceedings of 20th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society, G. Ivey, T. Zhou, N. Jones, S. Draper Editors, Perth WA, Australia, 5-8 December, Paper 682, 4 pages.
Wang, H., and Chanson, H. (2018). "On Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts: Interactions between Fish and Turbulence." Journal of Ecohydraulics, IAHR, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 18-29 (DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2018.1440183).
8 min 21 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) swimming upstream next to the left bottom corner of a smooth culvert barrel flume for q = 0.112 m2/s, Vmean = 0.69 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 55 mm, mf = 1.5 g
Chapter 4
Wang, H., Chanson, H., Kern, P., and Franklin, C. (2016). "Culvert Hydrodynamics to enhance Upstream Fish Passage: Fish Response to Turbulence." Proceedings of 20th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society, G. Ivey, T. Zhou, N. Jones, S. Draper Editors, Perth WA, Australia, 5-8 December, Paper 682, 4 pages.
Wang, H., and Chanson, H. (2018). "On Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts: Interactions between Fish and Turbulence." Journal of Ecohydraulics, IAHR, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 18-29 (DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2018.1440183).
2 min 53 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Duboulay's rainbowfish (Melanotaenia duboulayi) swimming upstream in the right bottom corner of a smooth box culvert barrel flume (12 m long, 0.5 m wide) for q = 0.052 m2/s, Vmean = 0.54 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 37 mm, mf = 0.7 g
Chapter 4
Wang, H., Chanson, H., Kern, P., and Franklin, C. (2016). "Culvert Hydrodynamics to enhance Upstream Fish Passage: Fish Response to Turbulence." Proceedings of 20th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid
Mechanics Society, G. Ivey, T. Zhou, N. Jones, S. Draper Editors, Perth WA, Australia, 5-8 December, Paper 682, 4 pages.
Wang, H., and Chanson, H. (2018). "On Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts: Interactions between Fish and Turbulence." Journal of Ecohydraulics, IAHR, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 18-29 (DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2018.1440183).
9 min 37 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) swimming upstream next to the left bottom corner of a smooth culvert barrel flume for q = 0.112 m2/s, Vmean = 0.69 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 91 mm, mf = 2.5 g - Almost stationary swimming in bottom corner of channel
Chapter 4
Wang, H., Chanson, H., Kern, P., and Franklin, C. (2016). "Culvert Hydrodynamics to enhance Upstream Fish Passage: Fish Response to Turbulence." Proceedings of 20th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society, G. Ivey, T. Zhou, N. Jones, S. Draper Editors, Perth WA, Australia, 5-8 December, Paper 682, 4 pages.
Wang, H., and Chanson, H. (2018). "On Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts: Interactions between Fish and Turbulence." Journal of Ecohydraulics, IAHR, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 18-29 (DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2018.1440183).
2 min 13 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Duboulay's rainbowfish (Melanotaenia duboulayi) swimming upstream in the right bottom corner of a smooth box culvert barrel flume (12 m long, 0.5 m wide) for q = 0.052 m2/s, Vmean = 0.54 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 61 mm, mf = 2.2 g
Chapter 4
Wang, H., Chanson, H., Kern, P., and Franklin, C. (2016). "Culvert Hydrodynamics to enhance Upstream Fish Passage: Fish Response to Turbulence." Proceedings of 20th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society, G. Ivey, T. ZHOU, N. Jones, S. Draper Editors, Perth WA, Australia, 5-8 December, Paper 682, 4 pages.
Wang, H., and Chanson, H. (2018). "On Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts: Interactions between Fish and Turbulence." Journal of Ecohydraulics, IAHR, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 18-29 (DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2018.1440183).
13 min 23 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Duboulay's rainbowfish (Melanotaenia duboulayi) swimming upstream in the right bottom corner of a very-rough bed culvert barrel flume (12 m long, 0.5 m wide) for q = 0.052 m2/s, Vmean = 0.54 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 71 mm, mf = 2.7 g - Almost stationary swimming in bottom corner of channel, with the fish using the large rugosity of the bed to shelter.
Chapter 4
Wang, H., Chanson, H., Kern, P., and Franklin, C. (2016). "Culvert Hydrodynamics to enhance Upstream Fish Passage: Fish Response to Turbulence." Proceedings of 20th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society, G. Ivey, T. Zhou, N. Jones, S. Draper Editors, Perth WA, Australia, 5-8 December, Paper 682, 4 pages.
Wang, H., and Chanson, H. (2018). "On Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts: Interactions between Fish and Turbulence." Journal of Ecohydraulics, IAHR, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 18-29 (DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2018.1440183).
13 min 57 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Duboulay's rainbowfish (Melanotaenia duboulayi) swimming upstream in the right bottom corner of a very-rough bed culvert barrel flume (12 m long, 0.5 m wide) for q = 0.052 m2/s, Vmean = 0.54 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 78 mm, mf = 3.3 g - Almost stationary swimming in bottom corner of channel, with the fish using the large rugosity of the bed to shelter.
Chapter 4
Wang, H., Chanson, H., Kern, P., and Franklin, C. (2016). "Culvert Hydrodynamics to enhance Upstream Fish Passage: Fish Response to Turbulence." Proceedings of 20th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society, G. Ivey, T. Zhou, N. Jones, S. Draper Editors, Perth WA, Australia, 5-8 December, Paper 682, 4 pages.
Wang, H., and Chanson, H. (2018). "On Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts: Interactions between Fish and Turbulence." Journal of Ecohydraulics, IAHR, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 18-29 (DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2018.1440183).
18 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) swimming upstream in the right bottom corner of a culvert barrel flume (12 m long, 0.5 m wide) equipped with asymmetrical large roughness for q = 0.052 m2/s, Vmean = 0.54 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 200 mm, mf = 125.5 g - The fish swims next to the right smooth sidewall. This fish was large enough to be comfortable swimming in all parts of the flume, although it swam mainly in the bottom floor region. After it discovered the (left) rough corner, the fish remained there for the rest of filming. Note the free-surface trough in the near wake of the fish body during active swimming.
Chapter 4
Wang, H., Chanson, H., Kern, P., and Franklin, C. (2016). "Culvert Hydrodynamics to enhance Upstream Fish Passage: Fish Response to Turbulence." Proceedings of 20th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society, G. Ivey, T. Zhou, N. Jones, S. Draper Editors, Perth WA, Australia, 5-8 December, Paper 682, 4 pages.
Wang, H., Uys, W., and Chanson, H. (2018). "Alternative Mitigation Measures for Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts: Physical Modelling." Journal of Hydro-environment Research, IAHR, Vol. 19, pp. 214-223 (DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2017.03.001).
3 min 14 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) swimming upstream in the right bottom corner of a culvert barrel flume (12 m long, 0.5 m wide) equipped with asymmetrical large roughness for q = 0.052 m2/s, Vmean = 0.54 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 130 mm, mf = 29.1 g - The fish swims next to the left rough sidewall. The fish swam for a significant length of time in the corner of the flume. It gradually made its way up the flume, sometimes hiding in the roughness holes.
Chapter 4
Wang, H., Chanson, H., Kern, P., and Franklin, C. (2016). "Culvert Hydrodynamics to enhance Upstream Fish Passage: Fish Response to Turbulence." Proceedings of 20th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society, G. Ivey, T. Zhou, N. Jones, S. Draper Editors, Perth WA, Australia, 5-8 December, Paper 682, 4 pages.
Wang, H., Uys, W., and Chanson, H. (2018). "Alternative Mitigation Measures for Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts: Physical Modelling." Journal of Hydro-environment Research, IAHR, Vol. 19, pp. 214-223 (DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2017.03.001).
5 min 19 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Duboulay's rainbowfish (Melanotaenia duboulayi) swimming upstream in the right bottom corner of a culvert barrel flume (12 m long, 0.5 m wide) equipped with asymmetrical large roughness for q = 0.052 m2/s, Vmean = 0.54 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 80 mm, mf = 4.4.1 g - The fish swims next to the left rough sidewall, in an almost stationary manner, using the corner roughness arrangement to shelter.
Chapter 4
Wang, H., Chanson, H., Kern, P., and Franklin, C. (2016). "Culvert Hydrodynamics to enhance Upstream Fish Passage: Fish Response to Turbulence." Proceedings of 20th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society, G. Ivey, T. Zhou, N. Jones, S. Draper Editors, Perth WA, Australia, 5-8 December, Paper 682, 4 pages.
Wang, H., Uys, W., and Chanson, H. (2018). "Alternative Mitigation Measures for Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts: Physical Modelling." Journal of Hydro-environment Research, IAHR, Vol. 19, pp. 214-223 (DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2017.03.001).
5 min 26 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Duboulay's rainbowfish (Melanotaenia duboulayi) swimming upstream in the right bottom corner of a culvert barrel flume (12 m long, 0.5 m wide) equipped with asymmetrical large roughness for q = 0.052 m2/s, Vmean = 0.54 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 80 mm, mf = 4.4.1 g (same fish as for movie CIMG1409.mov) - The fish swims next to the left rough sidewall, in an almost stationary manner, using the corner roughness arrangement to shelter.
Chapter 4
Wang, H., Chanson, H., Kern, P., and Franklin, C. (2016). "Culvert Hydrodynamics to enhance Upstream Fish Passage: Fish Response to Turbulence." Proceedings of 20th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society, G. Ivey, T. Zhou, N. Jones, S. Draper Editors, Perth WA, Australia, 5-8 December, Paper 682, 4 pages.
Wang, H., Uys, W., and Chanson, H. (2018). "Alternative Mitigation Measures for Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts: Physical Modelling." Journal of Hydro-environment Research, IAHR, Vol. 19, pp. 214-223 (DOI: 10.1016/j.jher.2017.03.001).
22 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) swimming upstream next to the left bottom corner of a smooth culvert barrel flume equipped with triangular bottom corner baffle (Lb = 0.67 m, hb = 0.067 m, left side only) for q = 0.112 m2/s, Vmean = 0.68 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 62 mm, mf = 2.6 g - Fish negotiating successfully the triangular corner baffle, swimming near the base of the baffle
Chapter 7 and Appendix E
Cabonce, J., Fernando, R., Wang, H., and Chanson, H. (2019). "Using Small Triangular Baffles to Facilitate Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts." Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 157–179 (DOI: 10.1007/s10652-018-9604-x)
31 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) swimming upstream next to the left bottom corner of a smooth culvert barrel flume equipped with triangular bottom corner baffle (Lb = 0.67 m, hb = 0.067 m, left side only) for q = 0.112 m2/s, Vmean = 0.68 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 42 mm, mf = 1.4 g - Fish resting in the wake of (i.e. downstream of) the small triangular bottom corner baffle
Chapter 7 and Appendix E
Cabonce, J., Fernando, R., Wang, H., and Chanson, H. (2019). "Using Small Triangular Baffles to Facilitate Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts." Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 157–179 (DOI: 10.1007/s10652-018-9604-x)
29 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) swimming upstream next to the left bottom corner of a smooth culvert barrel flume equipped with triangular bottom corner baffle (Lb = 0.67 m, hb = 0.067 m, left side only) for q = 0.112 m2/s, Vmean = 0.68 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 65 mm, mf = 3.1 g - Fish resting immediately upstream of (i.e. upstream of) the small triangular bottom corner baffle, in the stagnation region
Chapter 7 and Appendix E
Cabonce, J., Fernando, R., Wang, H., and Chanson, H. (2019). "Using Small Triangular Baffles to Facilitate Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts." Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 157–179 (DOI: 10.1007/s10652-018-9604-x)
6 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) swimming upstream next to the left bottom corner of a smooth culvert barrel flume equipped with triangular bottom corner baffle (Lb = 0.67 m, hb = 0.067 m, left side only) for q = 0.112 m2/s, Vmean = 0.68 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 44 mm, mf = 0.8 g - Fish negotiating successfully the triangular corner baffle, swimming mid-height of the baffle
Chapter 7 and Appendix E
Cabonce, J., Fernando, R., Wang, H., and Chanson, H. (2019). "Using Small Triangular Baffles to Facilitate Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts." Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 157–179 (DOI: 10.1007/s10652-018-9604-x)
28 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) swimming upstream next to the left bottom corner of a smooth culvert barrel flume equipped with triangular bottom corner baffle (Lb = 0.67 m, hb = 0.133 m, left side only) for q = 0.112 m2/s, Vmean = 0.64 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 75 mm, mf = 4.5 g - Fish negotiating successfully the triangular corner baffle, swimming next to the bed in a relatively "lazy" motion, before resting upstream of the baffle in the stagnation region.
Chapter 7 and Appendix E
Cabonce, J., Fernando, R., Wang, H., and Chanson, H. (2019). "Using Small Triangular Baffles to Facilitate Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts." Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 157–179 (DOI: 10.1007/s10652-018-9604-x)
17 min 52 s
Casio Exilim EX-10, movie mode set at 240 fps (replay 30 fps), 512x384 pixels
Juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) swimming upstream next to the left bottom corner of a smooth culvert barrel flume equipped with triangular bottom corner baffle (Lb = 0.67 m, hb = 0.133 m, left side only) for q = 0.112 m2/s, Vmean = 0.64 m/s, θ = 0 - Fish characteristics: Lf = 59 mm, mf = 2.2 g - Fish trapped in the near-wake immediately downstream of baffle, and subjected to vortex shedding actions.
Chapter 7 and Appendix E
Cabonce, J., Fernando, R., Wang, H., and Chanson, H. (2019). "Using Small Triangular Baffles to Facilitate Upstream Fish Passage in Standard Box Culverts." Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 157–179 (DOI: 10.1007/s10652-018-9604-x)