Chapter 13: Canada And The United States

About

Chapter 13 introduces the music and associated cultural activities from North America. With the exception of Cape Breton fiddling, the music sites visited are from regions of the United States, including the Appalachias, Deep South, and Native American reservations. Salsa, originating in New York City, as well as Cajun music from Louisiana, are also discussed. The underlying theme of the chapter is to present music styles generally not considered part of the mainstream from the United States to show the musical diversity of this nation. 

Key Terms

  • Acoustic
  • Anthem
  • Appalachia
  • Ballad
  • Bals de maison
  • Banda típica
  • Banjo
  • Bible
  • Bluegrass
  • Blues
  • Cajun
  • Call and response
  • Cantina
  • Canton
  • Céilidh
  • Clerk
  • Conjunto
  • Creole
  • Cuttin' heads
  • Double-stops
  • Dr. Watts
  • Fais do-do
  • Fasola singing
  • Frottoir
  • Fuging tune
  • Guitar
  • Harmonica
  • Hymn
  • Inuit
  • Juke joint
  • Kattajjaq
  • La la
  • Lined-hymn
  • Long-meter song
  • Mashriq
  • Orquesta (also Banda)
  • Peurt a beul
  • Pow wow
  • Precentor
  • Psalms
  • Reels
  • Reels à bouche
  • Sacred harp
  • Shape notes
  • Singing school
  • Spiritual
  • String bass
  • Strophic
  • Tejano
  • Tejas
  • Timber flute
  • Totem
  • Zouk
  • Zydeco

Flashcards

Practice Quiz

Audio Examples

13.1

Canada: Cape Breton fiddling. “E Minor Jigs” performed by Buddy MacMaster, fiddle, and Mac Morin, piano, from the recording entitled Buddy MacMaster: The Judique Flyer, Stephen MacDonald Productions, Atlantic Artists SMPCD 1012, n.d. Used by permission.

13.2

USA: Ballad singing “Edward” performed by Edith B. Price, from the recording entitled Eight Traditional British-American Ballads from the Helen Hartness Flanders Collection, Middlebury College, 1953. Courtesy Helen Hartness Flanders Collection Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont.

13.3

USA: Old Regular Baptist lined hymn.  “And Must This Body Die,” performed by congregation led by Elder Larry Newsome, from the recording entitled Grace ‘Tis a Charming Sound:Pleasant View Old Regular Baptist Church in Worship. Privately issued CD by Terry E. Miller and members of the Advanced Field and Lab Methods in Ethnomusicology Class, Kent State University, Spring, 2000. Used by permission.

13.4

USA: Singing school shape-note music. “Exhortation” performed by Sacred Harp singers at Hopewell Primitive Baptist Church near Cullman, Alabama, 1971. Recorded by Terry E. Miller. Used by permission.

13.5

USA: Bluegrass. "True Life Blues" by Bill Monroe & The Blue Grass Boys from the recording entitled Live Recordings 1956-1969: Off the Record Volume 1, SFW40063, courtesy of Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. (p) (c) 1993. Used by permission

13.6

USA: African-American Spiritual. “Come and go to that land” recorded by Terry E. Miller at Gethsemene Baptist Church, Cleveland, Ohio, 1986. Used by permission.

13.7

USA: African-American Gospel Choir. “God is Good All the Time” performed by New Hope Baptist Choir, from the recording titled God is Good: The Total Musical Experience at New Hope Missionary Baptist Church, Akron, Ohio. Privately issued CD by Terry E. Miller and members of the Advanced Field and Lab Methods in Ethnomusicology Class, Kent State University, Spring, 1998.

13.8

USA: "Sweet Home Chicago" by Robert Johnson from The Complete Recordings. Sony/BMG, 2008.  Used by permission of Sony Music Entertainment.

13.9

USA: Salsa. “Quitate de la Via Perico,”performed by Tolú,from the recording entitled Bongó de VanGogh, Tonga Productions TNGCD 8405, 2002. Used by permission.

13.10

USA: Cajun music. “La talle des ronces” performed by Adam and Cyprien Landreneau and Dewey Balfa, from Lousiana Cajun from the Southwest Prairies, Recorded 1964–1967, Volume 2, Rounder 6002, 1989. Used by permission of Concord Music Group, Inc.

13.11

USA: Plains Chippewa Song. "Rock Dance Song" by Francis Eagle Heart Cree, Boy Joe Fayant, and Leo J. Wilkie from the recording entitled Plains Chippewa/Metis Music from Turtle Mountain, SFW40411, courtesy of Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. (p) (c) 1992. Used by permission.

13.12

USA: Native American Flute. "Courting Song" by John Rainer, Jr. from the recording entitled Music of New Mexico: Native American Traditions, SFW40408, courtesy of Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. (p) (c) 1992. Used by permission

Video Links

For more world music videos, visit the  World Music YouTube Channel .

Buddy MacMaster, Maybelle Chisholm MacQueen & Quinn Bachand
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p20qDKGiHdE
Three-Book Shape Note Singing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHPTUqhAbVA
“I’m a Soldier”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swJekkMYsdA
Cajun Music – Crowley Two Step
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1J34ZQT7_NM
Pow Wow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s9z3IOpH1g
R-Krew Drum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FfS4QhIMoyc
Young Thunder
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7SjWxvrLmA

Audio Book

Coming soon...

On Your Own Time

Links and further resources

Canada


Website:
Cape Breton Fiddlers
http://www.capebretonfiddlers.com/
Website:
Cape Breton Fiddle Recordings
http://www.cbfiddle.com/rx/index.html
Website:
Celtic Music Centre
http://www.celticmusiccentre.com/
Popular Artists of Cape Breton Fiddling:
Buddy MacMaster
Natalie MacMaster
Ashley MacIsaac
The Glengarry Bhoys
Jerry Holland

The United States of America

Ballads


Audio:
Jean Ritchie: Ballads from her Appalachian Family Tradition. Smithsonian-Folkways: SFW40145, 2003.
http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/jean-ritchie-ballads-from/id82497122
Website:
Child Ballads (Lyrics and Tunes)
http://www.contemplator.com/child/index.html
Book:
Child, Francis James. The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, Vol. 1 of 5: The Child Ballads. Charleston, SC: Forgotten Books, 2007.
https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/books/EnglishandScottishPopularBallads_10209723
Website:
English Folk Dance and Song Society
http://www.efdss.org/
Website:
English Folksongs from the Southern Appalachians
http://www.traditionalmusic.co.uk/english-folk-songs/
Popular Artists of Appalachia (Ballads):
Hedy West
Jean Ritchie
Appalachian Karma
Appalachian Celtic Consort

Lined Hymnody and Shape-Note Singing


Audio:
Indian Bottom Association. Old Regular Baptists: Lined-Out Hymnody from Southeastern Kentucky. Smithsonian Folkways: SFW40106, 1997.
http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/old-regular-baptists-lined/id118382349
Book:
Dorgan, Howard. The Old Regular Baptists of Central Appalachia: Brothers and Sisters in Hope.
Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2001.
https://utpress.org/title/old-regular-baptists-of-central-appa/
Book:
Cobb, Jr., Buell E. The Sacred Harp: A Tradition and Its Music. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2004.
http://www.ugapress.org/index.php/books/sacred_harp/
Book:
Eastburn, Kathryn. A Sacred Feast: Reflections on Sacred Harp Singing and Dinner on the Ground. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2008.
https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/nebraska/9780803248632/
Website:
The Sacred Harp Publishing Company
http://originalsacredharp.com/
Popular Artists of Appalachia (Lined Hymn & Shape Note):
Tim Eriksen
Social Harp
Sacred Harp Singers
Word of Mouth Chorus
United Sacred Harp Musical Association

Bluegrass


Book:
Rosenberg, Neil V. Bluegrass: A History (20th Anniversary Edition). Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2005.
http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/35pyc6pm9780252072451.html
Book:
Rosenberg, Neil V., and Charles K. Wolfe. The Music of Bill Monroe. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2007.
http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/66aqb3ty9780252031212.html
Website:
International Bluegrass Music Association
http://www.ibma.org/
Website:
Society for the Preservation of Bluegrass Music of America
http://www.spbgma.com/
Audio:
Classic Bluegrass from Smithsonian Folkways. Smithsonian Folkways: SFW40092, 2002.
http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/classic-bluegrass-from-smithsonian/id261154690
Popular Artists of Bluegrass:
Bill Monroe
Earl Scruggs
Doc Watson
Ralph Stanley
Alison Krauss
Ricky Skaggs
Lester Flatt
Béla Fleck

African-American Spirituals and Gospel


Audio:
Been in the Storm So Long: A Collection of Spirituals, Folk Tales and Children's Games from Johns Island, SC. Smithsonian Folkways: SFW40031, 1990.
http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/been-in-storm-so-long-a-collection/id260727493
Audio:
Classic African American Gospel from Smithsonian Folkways. Smithsonian Folkways: SFW40194, 2008.
http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/classic-african-american-gospel/id272149140
Audio:
In Him I Live — The Church of God and Saints of Christ. Lyrichord: LYRCD7423, 1995.
http://lyrichord.com/inhimilive-thechurchofgodandsaintsofchrist.aspx
http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/church-god-saints-christ-in/id49304262
Book:
Young, Alan. Woke Me Up This MorningBlack Gospel Singers and the Gospel Life. Jackson, MS: University of Mississippi, 1997.
https://www.upress.state.ms.us/Books/W/Woke-Me-Up-This-Morning
Book:
Boyer, Horace Clarence, and Lloyd Yearwood. The Golden Age of Gospel. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2000.
http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/62amk2pf9780252068775.html
Website:
Negro Spirituals
http://www.negrospirituals.com/
Website:
Black Gospel
http://www.blackgospel.com/
Website:
Gospel Music Workshop of America
http://www.gmwanational.net/
Popular Artists of African-American Spirituals and Gospel Music:
Mahalia Jackson
Sister Rosetta Tharpe
The Staples Singers
Aretha Franklin
Marvin Sapp
Yolanda Adams
Fairfield Four
The Winans

Country Blues


Book:
Oliver, Paul. The Blues Fell this Morning. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
http://www.cambridge.org/gb/knowledge/isbn/item1138125/?site_locale=en_GB
Book:
Palmer, Robert. Deep Blues: A Musical and Cultural History of the Mississippi Delta. New York: Penguin Books, 1982.
http://us.penguingroup.com/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9780140062236,00.html?Deep_Blues_Robert_Palmer
Website:
Robert Johnson: Official Website
https://www.robertjohnsonbluesfoundation.org
Book:
Lomax, Alan. The Land Where the Blues Began. New York: Pantheon, 1993.
http://culturalequity.org/alanlomax/ce_alanlomax_books.php
DVD:
The Blues. Dir. Martin Scorsese PBS (Public Broadcasting System), 2003.
http://www.pbs.org/theblues/
Website:
The Country Blues
http://www.thecountryblues.com/
Popular Artists of Country Blues:
Robert Johnson
Charley Patton
Son House
Big Bill Broonzy
Blind Lemon Jefferson
Blind Willie McTell
Blind Blake
Skip James
Blind Willie Johnson
Lightnin' Hopkins
Mississippi John Hurt
Keb' Mo'
Chris Thomas King

Salsa


Book:
Waxer, Lisa. Situating Salsa: Global Markets and Local Meanings in Latin Popular Music. New York: Routledge, 2002.
https://www.routledge.com/Situating-Salsa-Global-Markets-and-Local-Meanings-in-Latin-Popular-Music/Waxer/p/book/9780815340201
DVD:
Latin Music USA. Dir. Pamela A. Aguilar and Daniel McCabe. PBS (Public Broadcasting System), 2009.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/latinmusicusa/#/en/hom
Website:
Brown Planet — Musica Latina Fansite
http://www.brownplanet.com/
Popular Artists of Salsa:
Tito Puente
Celia Cruz
Arsenio Rodríguez
Rubén Blades
La India
Oscar D'León
Marc Anthony
Fania All-Stars
Eddie Palmieri
Willie Colón
Héctor Lavoe
Johnny Pacheco

Cajun Music


Book:
Kilpatrick, Blaire. Accordion Dreams: A Journey into Cajun and Creole Music. Jackson, MS: University of Mississippi Press, 2009.
https://www.upress.state.ms.us/Books/A/Accordion-Dreams
Book:
Bernard, Shane. Swamp Pop: Cajun and Creole Rhythm and Blues. Jackson, MS: University of Mississippi Press, 1996.
https://www.upress.state.ms.us/Books/S/Swamp-Pop
Book:
Brasseaux, Ryan André. Cajun Breakdown: The Emergence of an American-Made Music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cajun-breakdown-9780195343069?q=Cajun%20Breakdown&lang=en&cc=us
Website:
The Cajun French Music Association
http://www.cajunfrenchmusic.org/
Popular Artists of Cajun Music:
Doug Kershaw
BeauSoleil
Geno Delafose
Clifton Cheneir
Balfa Brothers

Native American Music


Book:
Browner, Tara, ed. Music of the First Nations: Tradition and Innovation in Native North America.
Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2009.
http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/55rxe7np9780252022210.html
Book:
Browner, Tara. Heartbeat of the People: Music and Dance of the Northern Pow-wow. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2009.
http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/37cqb5fn9780252071867.html
Website:
Powwows.com
http://www.powwows.com/
Website:
Native American Music Awards
http://www.nativeamericanmusicawards.com/home.cfm
Website:
Canyon Records
http://www.canyonrecords.com/
Website:
International Native American and World Flute Association
http://worldflutes.org/
Website:
Flutopedia
http://www.Flutopedia.com/contents.htm
Book:
Stern, Pamela, and Lisa Stevenson. Critical Inuit Studies: An Anthology of Contemporary Arctic Ethnography. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2006.
http://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/product/Critical-Inuit-Studies,671852.aspx
Website:
Inuit Gallery of Vancouver
http://www.inuit.com/
Website:
Inuit Throat Singing
http://www.ubu.com/ethno/soundings/inuit.html
Audio:
Heartbeat 2: More Voices of First Nation Women. Smithsonian-Folkways: SFW40455, 1998.
http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=2423
http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/humma-ha-ba-ba/id151048359?i=151048808
Popular Artists of Native American Music:
Robbie Robertson
Buffy Saint Marie
Martha Redbone
Verdell Primeaux and Johnny Mike
Red Earth
R. Carlos Nakai
Kevin Locke
Joseph Firecrow

Additional Site

Site - Conjunto