Empire and Peoples Timeline, p. 65-66
55-c. 120 | Tacitus (P. Cornelius Tacitus) | |
97/98 | Publication of On Germany | |
235-84 | The 'third-century crisis' of usurpations and revolts | |
284-305 | Reign of Emperor Diocletian | |
286 | Empire divided between two augusti: Diocletian in the East, and Maximian in the west | |
301 | Edict of Prices, shortly after an edict on tax-reform | |
306-37 | Reign of Emperor Constantine | |
306 | Constantine elected emperor ('raised to the purple') at York | |
312 | Battle of Milvian Bridge; conversion of Constantine to Christianity | |
324 | Founding of Constantinople | |
c.345-402 | Symmachus, senatorial aristocrat in the west | |
360-3 | Reign of the pagan Emperor Julian | |
357 | Battle of Strasbourg | |
363 | Julian killed in the course of a Persian campaign | |
364-78 | Reign of Emperor Valens in the east | |
c.375 | Arrival of the Huns east of the Roman Empire | |
376 | Visigoths cross the River Danube and settle in the Roman province of Thrace | |
378 | Valens defeated and killed by the Goths at the Battle of Adrianople | |
379-95 | Reign of Emperor Theodosius I the Great | |
383 | Attempted usurpation from Britain of Magnus Maximus | |
379-88 | Ruler in the East | |
388-94 | De facto ruler of the whole empire | |
391 | Prohibited pagan worship | |
394 | Battle of the Frigidus and defeat of the usurper, Eugenius | |
394-5 | Sole emperor | |
395-423 | Reign of Emperor Honorius in the west | |
405 | The Goths cross the River Rhine led by Radagaisus | |
406-7 | Attempted usurpations from Britain of Marcus, Gratian, and Constantine III | |
407 | The Vandals, Burgundians, and Suebi cross the River Rhine | |
410 | Alaric, king of the Visigoths, sacks Rome | |
411 | Settlement of the Suebi in north-west Spain | |
418 | Settlement of the Visigoths in south-west Gaul | |
395-408 | Reign of Emperor Arcadius in the east | |
408-50 | Reign of Emperor Theodosius II in the east | |
437 | Code of Theodosius issued | |
425-55 | Reign of Emperor Valentinian III in the west | |
429 | The Vandals cross the Straits of Gibraltar to North Africa | |
439 | The Vandals capture Carthage | |
443 | Settlement of the Burgundians in Switzerland and neighbouring areas | |
449 | Date given by Bede for the arrival of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes in Britain | |
451 | The Huns invade Gaul under Attila | |
454 | Settlement of the Ostrogoths in Pannonia | |
473-5 | Reign of Julius Nepos, emperor at Rome | |
475-6 | Reign of Romulus Augustulus, emperor at Rome | |
476 | Deposition by Odoacer | |
476-93 | Reign in Italy of Odoacer | |
493-526 | Reign in Italy of Theoderic, king of the Ostrogoths | |
481-511 | Reign of Clovis, king of the Franks | |
532-4 | The Franks invade and destroy the kingdom of Burgundy | |
527-65 | Reign of Justinian, emperor of Byzantium | |
536 | Invasion of Italy | |
568 | Establishment of the kingdom of the Lombards in Italy | |
616 | Death of Æthelberht, king of Kent | |
711 | Moslem invasion of Spain and destruction of the kingdom of the Visigoths | |
751-68 | Reign of Pippin III, king of the Franks | |
768-814 | Reign of Charlemagne, king of the Franks and from 800 emperor | |
814-40 | Reign of Louis the Pious, emperor | |
840-3 | Civil wars between the sons of Louis the Pious | |
842 | Oaths of Strasbourg between Louis the Pious's sons, Charles the Bald and Louis the German, and their followers | |
842 | Treaty of Verdun | |
870 | Treaty of Meersen absorbs the Middle Kingdom in the kingdoms of East Frankia and West Frankia | |
871-99 | Reign of Alfred the Great, king of Wessex | |
866 | Arrival in East Anglia of the Viking Great Army |
Power and Society Timeline, p. 140-141
100 BC-44 BC | Julius Caesar, Roman general and writer | |
55-c. 120 | Tacitus, Roman writer | |
97/8 | Publication of On Germany | |
357 | Battle of Strasbourg | |
c.457-81 | Childeric, king of the Franks | |
476-93 | Odoacer, ruler in Italy | |
471-526 | Theoderic, king of the Ostrogoths, king in Italy 493-526 | |
481-511 | Clovis, Merovingian king of the Franks | |
507 | Victory over the Visigoths at Vouille | |
524 | Killing of King Sigismund of the Burgundians | |
527-65 | Justinian I, emperor | |
561-84 | Chilperic I, joint king of the Franks | |
575-95 | Childebert I, king of the Franks Killing of Queen Galswinth | |
613 | Killing of Brunhild, regent for Childebert II (575-91), Theudebert II (595612), and Theoderic II (595-613) | |
c.616-633 | Edwin, first Christian king of Northumbria | |
634-42 | Oswald, king of Northumbria | |
655 | Killing of King Oswine of the southern Northumbrians (Deira) | |
c.673-735 | Bede | |
7 31 | Ecclesiastical History of the English People | |
734 | Letter to Bishop Ecgberht of York | |
716-57 | Æthelbald, king of Mercia | |
751-68 | Pippin III, king of the Franks | |
751 | Replacement of Childeric III, last Merovingian king of the Franks, by the first Carolingian king, Pippin III, and his anointing by Archbishop Boniface | |
754 | Anointing of King Pippin III by Pope Stephen | |
757-96 | Offa, king of Mercia Construction of Offa's Dyke | |
794 | Killing of Æthelberht, king of the East Angles | |
768-814 | Charlemagne, king of the Franks, and emperor | |
778 | Expedition to Zaragoza | |
794 | Coinage reform (Class III to Class IV) | |
799 | Deposition of Pope Leo III and his flight to Charlemagne's court at Paderborn | |
800 | Coronation of Charlemagne as emperor in Rome | |
802 | Reform of missi dominici | |
805/6 | Capitulary of Diedenhofen (Thionville) | |
806 | Capitulary of Nijmegen | |
814-40 | Louis the Pious, king of the Franks and emperor | |
840-70 | Charles the Bald, king of the Franks and emperor | |
c.806-82 | 829 | Jonas of Orleans writes Royal Institution |
848 | Anointing as king of Aquitaine | |
869 | Anointing as king of Lotharingia | |
Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims, author of On the Organisation of the Palace | ||
871-99 | Alfred the Great, king of Wessex | |
918 | Death of Æthelted, lady of Mercia | |
919-36 | Henry I the Fowler, king of Germany | |
927-39 | Æthelstan, king of England | |
936-73 | Otto I, king of Germany | |
936 | Coronation at Aachen | |
962 | Crowned emperor in Rome | |
961-83 | Otto II, king of Germany | |
978-1016 | 961 | Crowned king |
967 | Crowned emperor | |
972 | Married the Byzantine princess, Theophanu | |
973 | Came to power on Otto I's death | |
983-1002 | Æthelred the Unready, king of England | |
978 | Murder of Edward the Martyr, king of England | |
991 | Otto III, king and emperor | |
984 | Crowned king at Aachen | |
997 | Crowned emperor in Rome by the pope | |
1002-24 | Henry II, king of Germany | |
996-1031 | 1014 Crowned emperor Robert the Pious, king of France | |
1030 | Death in battle of King Olaf of Norway | |
1016-35 | Cnut, king of England, king of Denmark (c. 1018-35) | |
1042-66 | Edward the Confessor, king of England |
The Economic Foundation Timeline, p. 226-227
27 BC | Death of Marcus Terentius Varro, author of On the Affairs of the Countryside | |
70 | Death of Lucius Junius Columella, author of On Agriculture | |
543-late 7th century | Plague | |
543-6 | in the Byzantine Empire | |
563 | in the Auvergne (France) | |
570 | in North Italy, Gaul, and Spain | |
592 | at Tours and Nantes Mid to late 7th century: in England | |
561-92 | Reign of Guntram, joint king of the Franks (welcomed by Syrians) | |
591 | Eusebius the Syrian becomes bishop of Paris | |
619 | Life of John the Almsgiver | |
627 | Edwin, first Christian king of Northumbria, baptised at York | |
635-c.750 | Arab military and political expansion | |
648 | Cenwalh, king of Wessex, founds church at Winchester | |
657-73 | Reign of Chlotar III, king of the Franks | |
662 | Emperor Constans II uses the coast-road from Constantinople to Athens | |
670s | Relics of St Birinus translated to Winchester | |
690/720 | Dumps at the Crypta Balbi, Rome | |
690 | First dump | |
720 | Second dump | |
c.673-735 | Bede, monk of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow, author of the Ecclesiastical History of the English People | |
Early 8th century | Pippin (from 751 King Pippin III) conquers Frisia | |
Late 8th century | Venice emerges as a trading centre | |
c.700-c. 787 | Willibald, English missionary and pilgrim to the Holy Land | |
751-68 | Pippin III, king of the Franks | |
753-96 | Offa, king of Mercia | |
768-814 | Charlemagne, king of the Franks and emperor | |
770s | Conquest of Lombardy | |
794 | Reform of coins from 1.3 g to 1.4 g c. | |
800 | Polyptych of St Germain-des-Pres | |
Early 9th century | Coppergate Helmet, York | |
808 | King Godefrid of the Danes moves the merchants from Reric to Haithabu | |
814-40 | Louis the Pious, emperor | |
839 | Greek ambassadors come to Louis the Pious in company with Rus | |
831-2 | First journey recorded via the Gulf of Corinth | |
840-70 | Charles the Bald, king of the Franks and emperor | |
844-8 | Polyptych of Saint-Bertin | |
Mid-9th century Dorestad ceases to function | ||
c.850 | Swedish campaign in Kurland, south of Baltic Sea | |
860s | Papal envoys cross the Balkans overland | |
867 | Bernard the Frank's journey to Jerusalem | |
871-99 | Alfred, the Great, king of Wessex | |
Winchester street-plan laid out | ||
c.900 | Compilation of the Burghal Hidage | |
913 | Repopulation of San Juan de las Abbadessas (Spain) | |
921-2 | Embassy of Ibn Fadlan from the caliph of Baghdad to the king of the Bulgars | |
Mid-10th century | Southampton replaces Hamwih | |
1050 | Haithabu abandoned | |
1086 | Domesday Book | |
1170 | Death of St Godric of Finchale |
The Church’s Triumph Timeline, p. 302-303
c.100 | Mithraism appears as a cult in the Roman Empire | |
c.155 | Martyrdom of Polycarp of Smyrna | |
c.232-c. 303 | Porphyry, Neoplatonic philosopher | |
245-305 | Reign of Emperor Diocletian | |
306-37 | Reign of Emperor Constantine | |
312 | Battle of Milvian Bridge | |
313 | Edict of Milan | |
314 | Council of Arles on Donatism | |
c.324 | Victory over the eastern emperor Licinius | |
325 | Council of Nicaea on Arianism | |
360-3 | Reign of Emperor Julian the Apostate | |
c.311-83 | Ulfilas, missionary to the Goths, translator of the Bible into Gothic | |
c.315/c.336-397 | St Martin, bishop of Tours | |
360 | Founds monastery of Liguge | |
372 | Founds monastery of Marmoutiers | |
353/5-431 | Paulinus, founder of the monastery of Nola (southern Italy) | |
379-95 | Reign of Emperor Theodosius I the Great | |
391 | Prohibits paganism | |
394 | Battle of the Frigidus and defeat of the usurper, Eugenius | |
354-430 | Augustine of Hippo | |
c.330-79 | St Basil 'the Great' | |
357-8 | Visits monks in Egypt and the Holy Land | |
358-9 | Rule of St Basil | |
c.339-97 | St Ambrose, bishop of Milan | |
381 | Council of Aquileia | |
391/2 | Council of Capua | |
c.345-420 | St Jerome, translator of the Bible into Latin (the Vulgate) | |
382-5 | Secretary to Pope Damasus | |
386 | Settled as abbot in Bethlehem | |
c.410 | Honoratus founds a monastery on the island of Lerins near Marseilles (France) | |
c.360-after 430 | John Cassian, monk, author of the Institutes and the Conferences | |
Mid-/late 5th century | St Patrick evangelises Ireland | |
440-61 | Leo I, pope | |
492-6 | Gelasius I, pope | |
481-511 | Clovis, first Christian king of the Franks 496 or 503, 506, 508 Baptised | |
c. 470-542 | Caesarius, bishop of Arles | |
522 | Council of Orleans | |
480-524 | Boethius, author of the Consolation of Philosophy | |
c. 480-c. 550 | St Benedict of Nursia | |
c.540 | Rule of St Benedict | |
485/90-c. 580 | Cassiodorus, founder of the monastery of Vivarium | |
527-65 | Justinian I, emperor | |
c. 540-604 | Gregory the Great, pope | |
597 | Pope Gregory the Great's missionary Augustine arrives in Kent | |
?-61 5 | St Columbanus, abbot, founder of monasteries of Luxeuil and Annegray (France) and Bobbio (Italy) | |
c. 560-636 | Isidore of Seville, author of the Etymologies, bishop of Seville | |
c.616-633 | Edwin, king of Northumbria Marriage to Æthelburg of Kent | |
627 | Baptism | |
c.620-30 | Burial mounds at Sutton Hoo, Suffolk, England | |
634-42 | Oswald, king of Northumbria | |
634 | Battle of Heavenfield | |
635 | Foundation of the island monastery of Lindisfarne (Holy Island) as the bishopric for Northumbria by the missionary Aidan and King Oswald | |
642-70 | Oswiu, king of Northumbria | |
664 | Synod of Whitby | |
687 | St Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, dies as a hermit on the Inner Farne (England) | |
634-709 | St Wilfrid, bishop and abbot | |
8th century | The Franks Casket, Northumbria | |
c.705-44 | Daniel, bishop of Winchester, author of a letter of advice on conversion to the missionary Boniface | |
744 | Sturm founds the monastery of Fulda (Germany) | |
754 | Martyrdom in Frisia of the English missionary Boniface, archbishop of Mainz | |
768-814 | Reign of Charlemagne, king of the Franks and emperor | |
782 | First Saxon capitulary | |
794 | Synod of Frankfurt |
Scholarship and Art Timeline, p. 338-339
306-37 | Reign of Emperor Constantine | |
Basilica Nova, Rome | ||
Church of St Peter in the Vatican | ||
Church of St John in the Lateran | ||
Church of Santa Constanza, Rome | ||
c.311-83 | Ulfilas, missionary to the Goths, translator of the Bible into Gothic | |
354-430 | Augustine of Hippo | |
395-8 | The Confessions | |
416-22 | The City of God | |
5th century | Martianus Capella, author of The Marriage of Philology and Mercury | |
417 | Orosius, author of History against the Pagans | |
480-524 | Boethius, author of The Consolation of Philosophy | |
485/90-c. 580 | Cassiodorus, author of the Variae, History of the Goths (lost), founder of Vivarium | |
527-65 | Reign of Emperor Justinian | |
San Vitale, Ravenna (Italy) | ||
Haghia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) | ||
c.540-94 | Gregory of Tours, author of the History of the Franks (Ten Books of Histories), and the Lives of the Fathers | |
c.530-c. 600 | Venantius Fortunatus, author of Latin poetry and a Life of St Martin | |
590-604 | Pope Gregory the Great, author of The Pastoral Care, the Dialogues, the Commentary on Job | |
c.560-636 | Isidore of Seville, bishop of Seville, author of the Etymologies, and the Great Chronicle | |
7th century | Book of Durrow | |
?-689 | Benedict Biscop, abbot of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow (England) | |
673/4 | founds Monkwearmouth | |
681/2 | founds Jarrow | |
688-716 | Ceolfrith, abbot of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow | |
c.673-735 | Bede, monk of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow, author of the Reckoning of Time, and the Ecclesiastical History of the English People | |
Early 8th century | Lindisfarne Gospels | |
8th century | Buildings and sculpture | |
Naranco, palace near Oviedo (Spain) | ||
Ruthwell Cross (Scotland) | ||
Bewcastle Cross (or monument; Cumbria) | ||
St Andrews sarcophagus (Scotland) | ||
Church of Santa Maria, Cividale (Italy) | ||
c. 675-754 | Boniface (Wynfrith), missionary, archbishop of Mainz (Germany) | |
c.700-84 | Virgil, missionary, bishop of Salzburg (Austria) | |
768-814 | Charlemagne, king and emperor | |
789 | The General Admonition | |
c.720-c.800 | Paul the Deacon, scholar at Charlemagne's court, author of the Deeds of the Bishops of Metz, and the History of the Lombards | |
c.730-802 | Paulinus of Aquileia, scholar at Charlemagne's court | |
c.740-804 | Alcuin of York, scholar at Charlemagne's court, abbot of St Martin's, Tours (France) | |
c.750-821 | Theodulf, bishop of Orleans, scholar at Charlemagne's court, author of the Caroline Books | |
814-40 | Reign of Emperor Louis the Pious | |
c. 810-c.877 | John the Scot, Eriugena, author of On the Division of Nature | |
871-99 | Alfred the Great, king of Wessex | |
887 | Grimbald of Saint-Bertin at King Alfred's court | |
890 | John the Old Saxon at King Alfred's court | |
893 | Asser of St David's writes the Life of King Alfred | |
902 | Death of Hoger, abbot of Werden, author of Musica enchiriadis | |
c.950-c. 1010 | Ælfric of Eynsham, author of homilies and saints' lives in Old English |