Chapter 13: Echocardiography in detecting cardiac sources of embolism

Standard comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with or without contrast should be performed in all patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack of presumed embolic cause.
Cardiac thrombi, vegetations, tumors, and complex atheromas should be searched for in the left atrium, left atrial appendage, left ventricle, and aorta in patients with embolic strokes and transient ischemic attacks.
Advances in ultrasound investigation capabilities (contrast, real-time 3D, strain) further improve the etiological work-up and evaluation of the putative sources of emboli in patients with embolic stroke.

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