Chapter 12: Emergency echocardiography in patients with prosthetic valves

Obstruction of native valves is a rare event and usually involves obstruction by tumors, thrombi, or vegetations.
Symptoms and signs are nonspecific and can range from fatigue to sudden cardiac death.
Echocardiography provides a rapid diagnosis of the presence of and degree of valvular obstruction utilizing a combination of two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and color and spectral Doppler echocardiography.

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