"[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] Selling commercial paper or bonds is a form of { = debt financing venture capital equity financing }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] Based on the Milken Institute's index to compare the quality of the financial infrastructures that support entrepreneurial activity, the top country is { the United States = Hong Kong Singapore Switzerland }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] Microcredit involves { large and secured loans to poor people small and secured loans to poor people small and secured loans to poor people = small and unsecured loans to poor people }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] Financial institutions that can provide financing include { DISC middlemen's trade credit FSC = joint venture factor }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] For American investors interested in buying foreign securities, US banks issue _____ which represent ownership of a set amount of the respective security on deposit in a foreign branch { IFC SBA bank receipts = ADRs }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] Compared to factors, forfaiters { do not want a one-shot deal specialize in short-term receivables = are more willing to deal with high-risk countries }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] This type of financing combines an official, conventional loan with either outright grants or foreign aid grants at below- market rates { factoring bank guarantee export credit = blended credit }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] The purpose of this agency is to institute an open and stable monetary system { World Bank IDA IFC = IMF }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] A currency becomes hard when { it is backed by gold a government declares that it is an international currency it has been around for a long time = people trust it }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] The world's most international currency is the { = US dollar British pound euro Japanese yen }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] The amount of US currency in circulation outside of the United States is about { one quarter one third one half = two-thirds }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] Until recently, this currency dominated nations' official foreign exchange reserves { = US dollar British pound euro Japanese yen }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] An international currency does not fulfill this function { medium of exchange = mode of communication store of value unit of account }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] An international currency requires { confidence in the value of the currency confidence in the issuing country's political stability the issuing country's financial markets being substantially free of controls = all of the above }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] The foreign exchange market does not perform this function { financing clearing = consulting hedging }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] This is a cash market where foreign exchange is available for immediate delivery { options = spot futures forward }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] The exchange rate affects { the cost of imported goods the cost of exported goods the country's inflation rate a firm's employment = all of the above }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] Countries that wish to stimulate exports want the value of their own currency to { rise = drop hold steady }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] When the US dollar is devalued, it adversely affects { US exports US employment = US consumer welfare }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] A country wanting to maximize consumer welfare should attempt to make the value of its currency { steady = increase decline weak }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] The J Curve explains that, right after devaluation, a country's trade deficit will { quickly improve worsen over the long term = worsen initially before recovering sharply unpredictable }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] Price-specie-flow mechanism maintains the equilibrium exchange rate for this system { = gold standard crawling peg sliding parity wide band floating }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] This is a fixed system of exchange rate { = par value wide band crawling peg flexible }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] This exchange-rate system adjusts the rate slowly by small amounts on a continuous basis { par value wide band = crawling peg flexible gold standard }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] Brazil adjusts its currency continuously while keeping the adjustment small at any point in time This system is { adjustable peg wide band gold standard floating = crawling peg }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] This exchange-rate system does not allow the value of a currency to fluctuate at all { gold standard soft peg par value wide band = all of them allow some degree of fluctuation }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] The United States employs this exchange rate system { fixed rate gold standard semi-fixed rate = floating rate }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] One problem of the floating system is that it encourages { uncertainty speculation inflation = short-term volatility }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] When a central bank intervenes to influence exchange rates, the float of a currency is { clean = dirty filthy }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] Smaller companies have trouble obtaining contracts in this market { spot futures = forward options }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] This contract is not "standardized" { futures = forward options }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] A buyer of this contract has the right but not the obligation to complete a transaction { futures forward = options spot }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] When foreign currencies are rising against the US dollar, a US firm should { = make immediate payments to foreign creditors (ie, leading) delay making payments to foreign creditors (ie, lagging) hasten collection of debts from abroad }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] When the buyer is in a soft currency but the seller is in a hard currency, the seller should use the _____ currency for invoicing { = seller's buyer's third }" "[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] A seller should bill in a _____ currency { = strong moderate weak }"