"[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] What is the main reason for British homicide rates having increased significantly since the 1980s? British homicide rates have increased significantly since the 1980s due mainly to a doubling in the number of murders of men aged 20 to 24 (Dorling, 2005: 29).
{
More young women are being murdered
Increasing night-time violence
=Doubling of murders of men aged 20-24
Hate crime against 10-15 year olds
Increased police surveillance
}"
"[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] What year saw the introduction of ASBOs (anti-social behaviour orders)?The introduction of ASBOs (anti-social behaviour orders) by the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act.
{
1988
1992
=1998
2002
2008
}"
"[MULTIPLE-MSELECT] From the late 1980s, the view of history, class and crime began to change. Social history was critiqued from three different directions. Which three were they?From the late 1980s, this view of history, class and crime began to change. Social history was critiqued from three different directions. First, studies of pre-capitalist or early modern societies (1500-1800) showed that crime and disorder were not just by-products of ´modern´ struggles (Beattie, 1986; Sharpe, 1999). Second, cultural historians argued that crime and its control held many and varied social meanings, and that these were as much bound up with issues of nation, race, sensation and science as they were with economic inequalities (Pick, 1989; Walkowitz, 1992; Kohn, 1992). Third, historians of gender and family relations highlighted many kinds of less than heroic male crimes, including domestic violence and child abuse (Behlmer, 1982; Clark, 1987; Doggett, 1992).
{
=Studies of pre-capitalist or early modern societies showed that crime and disorder were not just by-products of ´modern´ struggles
=Cultural historians argued that crime and its control held many and varied social meanings
=Historians of gender and family relations highlighted many kinds of less than heroic male crimes
Marxist historians argued class was still dominant
Cultural historians embraced consumerism as the new cause of crime
}"
"[MULTIPLE-MSELECT] Women in early modern Britain and Europe often appeared before courts. They were most commonly charged with what?Women in early modern Britain and Europe often appeared before courts. They were most commonly charged with property crime, slander, assault and infanticide (Walker, 2003; Arnot and Usborne, 1999; Beattie, 1975).
{
=Assault
=Infanticide
Prostitution
=Slander
=Property crime
}"
"[MULTIPLE-MSELECT] Most prosecuted crime is committed by younger people. There are two reasons for this. What are they?There are two reasons for this. This group (and young men in particular) commit more crime of a kind that people feel should be reported and younger offenders are more likely to be pursued by the criminal justice system.
{
=Younger offenders are more likely to be pursued by the criminal justice system
Young people are easier to arrest
Youth offenders are less intelligent
=Young people commit more crime of a kind that people feel should be reported
It is easier to detect if a young person has committed a crime
}"
"[TRUE-FALSE] Jones argued that a ´new female criminal´ had been created by women´s social liberation from the 1960s onwards. It was Adler that argued that a ´new female criminal´ had been created by women´s social liberation from the 1960s onwards. And contoversy followed.
{FALSE}"
"[TRUE-FALSE] Recorded crimes rose steeply from about half a million in 1950 to 1.6 million in 1970 and then to 2.2 million in 1991 (Home Office, 1999). Recorded crimes rose steeply from about half a million in 1950 to 1.6 million in 1970 and then to 5.5 million in 1991 (Home Office, 1999).
{FALSE}"
"[OPEN] Many historians argue that past societies have been far more violent than contemporary ones. Why is this?
{}"
"[OPEN] One major claim is that Western societies became increasingly intolerant of male violence. Is this so and why?
{}"
"[OPEN] According to some historians, a defining feature of ´social crime´ was that most ordinary people believed these actions were justifiable. What does this mean?
{}"