"[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] One set of distinctions explored in the chapter and devised by White (2008: 98-9) was a threefold grouping: which one was it?One set of distinctions, White (2008: 98-9) has developed is a threefold ´brown´, ´green´ and ´white´ typology: ´brown´ issues: defined in terms of urban life and pollution; ´green´ issues: refer to conservation matters and ´wilderness´ areas; ´white´ issues: refer to the impact of new technologies and various laboratory practices.
{
=Green, Brown and White
Dangerous, Problematic and Potentially damaging
High, Medium and Low risk
Tropical, Sub-Saharan and Tundra
Animal, Vegetable and Mineral
}"
"[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] The rate of growth in carbon emissions is around what per cent per year?The rate of growth in carbon emissions is around 2 per cent per year.
{
0.02%
0.2%
=2%
2.2%
20%
}"
"[MULTIPLE-SSELECT] The world has lost half of its forests over the past 8,000 years and, just in the latter part of the twentieth century, between 1960 and 1990, about what per cent of the world´s tropical forest was lost?The world has lost half of its forests over the past 8,000 years and, just in the latter part of the twentieth century, between 1960 and 1990, about 20 per cent of the world´s tropical forest was lost.
{
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.1
=0.2
}"
"[MULTIPLE-MSELECT] Which of the following were used in this chapter to describe criminology´s interest in the environment?c Is not used because of ´environmental crime´ being connected to spatial-crime related to defensible space theories.
{
=Green criminology
=Eco-crime
Environmental crime
=Sustainable criminology
=Eco-global criminology
}"
"[MULTIPLE-MSELECT] The plundering of the Earth´s resources has only recently been thought of as a crime but there is increasing recognition of the problems of wasteful over-consumption and exploitation. In their approach to these issues, criminologists may adopt which two startegies?
In their approach to these issues, criminologists may adopt : 1. legal-procedural approach to environmental issues, retaining a traditional focus on violations of enacted environmental law (including civil and regulatory violations) 2. or a more critical or socio-legal approach examining environmental harms that are not statutorily prohibited but regarded as equally or more damaging than some actions that are legal offences.
{
=legal-procedural approach
policy approach
psychological approach
=critical or socio-legal approach
economic approach
}"
"[MULTIPLE-MSELECT] Four main primary green crimes were introduced in the chapter in which the environment and non-human species as well as humans are harmed, damaged or degraded through human actions. What are they?Crimes of air pollution; Crimes of deforestation; Crimes against animals; Crimes of water pollution.
{
=Crimes of air pollution
=Crimes of deforestation
Crimes of food production
=Crimes against animals
=Crimes of water pollution
}"
"[TRUE-FALSE] Regardless of divisions into nation-states, the planet constitutes a single ecosystem, defined as the system composed of the interaction of all living organisms and their natural environment.This means that responses to this global problem cannot be the task of one country alone; the problem is part of the process of globalization.
{TRUE}"
"[TRUE-FALSE] Green criminology takes ´pollution´ as a central concept and addresses violations of what have been variously termed ´environmental morality´, ´environmental ethics´ and ´animal rights´ (Beirne and South, 2007: xiii).Green criminology takes ´harm´ as a central concept and addresses violations of what have been variously termed ´environmental morality´, ´environmental ethics´ and ´animal rights´ (Beirne and South, 2007: xiii).
{FALSE}"
"[OPEN] Why should climate change be of interest to criminologists?
{}"
"[OPEN] Is there a sound case for substituting harm for crime when considering green criminology?
{}"