Video 12 Toe-walking spastic gait as a result of hereditary spastic paraparesis in a 20-year-old man
Video 13 Bilateral high-stepping gait and foot drop due to motor neurone disease
Video 14 Antalgic gait and positive Trendelenburg sign in a patient with left sacroileitis
She minimizes the time that she bears weight on the painful left leg while walking by hurrying through with the stride on the right. When weight-bearing in the standing position, the pelvis momentarily sags on the right due to failure of the left hip abductors to hold the weight.
Video 15 Gait in advanced Parkinson’s disease
Difficulty getting out of the chair; flexed at the hips; walks slowly with no arm swing; paradoxically, she can still run.
Video 16 Marked freezing in Parkinson’s disease overcome using visual cues
Video 17 Pull test with retropulsion in Parkinson’s disease
The patient walks well, though with absent arm swing. Runs backwards when pulled from behind.
Video 18 Marche à petit pas due to multiple lacunes (seen on magnetic resonance imaging)
Small steps, festination (hurrying) when turning and negotiating the doorway. Like parkinsonism, but with a broadened base.
Video 19 Marche à petit pas due to normal-pressure hydrocephalus
Pre-shunt. The patient walks with small steps on a wide base with preserved arm swing and upright posture.
Video 20 The same patient as in Video 14, walking normally after being shunted
Video 21 Mild cerebellar ataxia
Broad-based, unsteady on turning, uneven stride.
Video 22 Dysarthria, ataxia and limitation of upgaze as a result of SCAIII (Machado--Joseph disease)
Video 23 Gait in cervical dystonia
The head is tilted to the right as the patient walks.
Video 24 Gait in torsion dystonia
The patient walks awkwardly and hurriedly with the right arm internally rotated, the left arm flexed at the elbow, the right foot dorsiflexed and the head tilted to the right.
Video 25 Gait in Huntington’s disease
The patient has a curious, untidy, mannered way of walking: bending the knees, pausing and making choreiform movements with his fingers.
Video 26 Dystonic camptocormia (flexion of the trunk) with marked improvement following botulinum toxin injections into the rectus abdominus
Video 27 Generalized dystonia secondary to DYT1 (TorsinA) mutation
Video 28 Gait in dopa-induced dyskinesia
As the patient walks, he makes continuous writhing twisting movements of his head, trunk and limbs.