Chapter 25 Student Resources

Flashcards

Key Terms

Distinctiveness

memory traces distinct or different from other memory traces stored in long-term memory.

von Restorff effect

the finding that a to-be-remembered item distinctively different from other list items is especially likely to be remembered.

Transfer-appropriate processing

the notion that long-term memory will be greatest when processing at the time of retrieval is very similar to processing at the time of learning.

Mnemonics

numerous methods or systems used by learners to enhance their long-term memory for information.

Method of loci

a memory technique in which to-be-remembered items are associated with locations well-known to the learner.

Story method

a technique for improving memory in which a story is generated that includes all the to-be-remembered words or other items in the correct order.

Long-term working memory

used to store relevant information rapidly in long-term memory and to access it through retrieval structures in working memory.

Testing effect

the finding that long-term memory is enhanced when some of the learning period is devoted to retrieving the to-be-remembered information rather than restudying.

Distributed-practice effect

long-term memory for learning material is superior when it is distributed over time rather than massed.

Metamemory

knowledge and beliefs about one’s own memory and about one’s ability to regulate its functioning.

Implementation intentions

action plans designed to achieve some goal (e.g., writing an essay) based on specific information concerning where, when, and how the goal will be achieved.