Chapter 22 Student Resources

Flashcards

Key Terms

Visual Perception

the processing of visual information to see objects in the world.

CAPTCHAs

completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart involve identifying distorted visual stimuli; they are typically very hard for machines to solve but relatively easy for humans.

Law of Prägnanz

the notion that perception will tend to be organised as simply as possible.

Figure–ground organisation

the perception of a scene as consisting of an object or figure standing out from a less distinct background.

Monocular cues

cues to depth that only require the use of one eye.

Linear perspective

a strong impression of depth in a two-dimensional drawing created by lines converging on the horizon.

Texture gradient

a depth cue provided by the increased rate of change in texture density of a slanting object from the nearest part to the furthest part.

Interposition

a depth cue in which a closer object partly hides another object further away.

Motion parallax

a depth cue provided by the movement of an object’s image across the retina.

Binocular cues

depth cues requiring the use of both eyes.

Stereopsis: depth cues based on contractions of muscles around the eye.

Oculomotor cues

cues to depth based on sensations produced by muscular contraction of the muscles around the eye

Accommodation

a depth cue involving a thickening of the eyes’ lenses when focusing on close objects.

Convergence

a depth cue provided by greater inward turning of the eyes when looking at a close object than one further away. A

Geons

basic shapes or components that are combined in object recognition; an abbreviation for “geometric ions” proposed by Biederman.

Viewpoint-invariant perception

the notion that it is equally easy to recognise objects from numerous different viewpoints.

Viewpoint-dependent perception

the notion that objects are easier to recognise from some viewpoints (especially typical ones) than from others.

Visual illusions

drawings or other visual stimuli that are misperceived by nearly everyone.

Inattentional blindness

the failure to perceive the appearance of an unexpected object in the visual environment.

Change blindness

the failure to detect that a visual stimulus has moved, changed, or been replaced by another stimulus.

Misdirection

a form of deception practised by magicians in which the audience’s attention is focused on one object to distract its attention to another object.