Chapter 11 Student Resources

Flashcards

Key Terms

Gender-role stereotypes

culturally-determined expectations concerning jobs and activities thought suitable for males and females.

Gender-typed behaviour

behaviour conforming to that expected on the basis of any given culture’s gender-role stereotypes.

Gender identity

our awareness of being male or female; it depends to an important extent on social rather than biological factors.

Gender incongruence

incongruence between an individual’s biologically assigned sex and their perceived sense of gender identity.

Gender similarities hypothesis

the notion that there are only small differences between males and females with respect to the great majority of psychological variables (e.g., abilities; personality).

Mental rotation

a task used to assess spatial ability involving imagining what would happen if the orientation of an object in space were altered.

Observational learning

learning based on watching others’ behaviour, copying rewarded behaviour but not punished behaviour.

Direction tuition

a way of increasing a child’s gender identity and gender-typed behaviour by receiving instruction from others.

Enactive experience

this involves the child learning which behaviours are expected of their gender within any given culture as a result of being rewarded or punished for behaving in different ways.

Gender segregation

the tendency for young children from about 3 years to play mostly with same-sex peers.

Gender schemas

organised knowledge stored in long-term memory in the form of numerous beliefs about forms of behaviour appropriate for each gender.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

an inherited disorder of the adrenal gland causing the levels of male sex hormones in foetuses of both sexes to be unusually high.

Androgen

male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone) typically produced in much greater quantity by males than by females.