About
Chapter 8 introduces the music and associated cultural activities from the Middle East. In addition to music traditions from Turkey, Iran, and Egypt, three prominent religions, including Islam, Sufism, and Judaism, are discussed to introduce spiritual and social perspectives on music. Important instruments, such as the 'ud, buzuq, and santur, are introduced, along with religious vocal production from the Islamic and Jewish faiths.
Key Terms
- Adhan (also Azan)
- Arabian Peninsula
- Avaz
- Ayatollah
- Bandir
- Bar Mitzvah
- Bashraf
- Daramad
- Darabuka
- Dastgah
- Dervish
- Dhikr (also Zikr)
- Dombak
- Duff
- Dulab
- Firqa
- Ghawazi
- Gusheh
- Hajj
- Halile
- Ilahi
- Iq'a
- Ist
- Jamaca
- Janizary (also Janissary or Yeniceri)
- Kaside
- Kemence (also Kemancheh or Kemanja)
- Kereshmeh
- Khanegah
- Klezmer
- Koran (also Qu'ran)
- Kudum
- Layali
- Maghrib
- Makam (also Maqam)
- Masjid
- Mehter
- Mihrab
- Minaret
- Mosque
- Mullah
- Ney (also Nay)
- Ottoman Empire
- Qanun (also Kanun)
- Radif
- Raqs sharqi
- Riqq
- Saz
- Shah
- Sham'idan
- Shiah
- Shofar
- Sufi
- Sunni
- Synagogue
- Tabla
- Tahmala
- Tahrir
- Takht
- Tanbur
- Taqsim
- Tarab
- Taslam
- Tekke
- Torah (also Pentateuch)
- Ud (also Al'ud)
- Zakirler
- Chahar-mezrab
- Muezzin
- Mawwal
- Zarb
Flashcards
Practice Quiz
Audio Examples
8.1
Islamic Call to Prayer: "Azan" by Saifullajan Musaev from the recording entitled Bukhara: Musical Crossroads of Asia, SFW40050, courtesy of Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. (p) (c) 1991. Used by permission.
8.2
Arabic Taqsim for Ud and Buzuq. “Maqam Kurd” performed by Ali Jihad Racy, buzuq, and Simon Shaheen, ud, from Taqasim: Improvisation in Arab Music, Lyrichord LYRCD 7374., n.d. Used by permission, Multicultural Media Inc.
8.3
Iran: "Dastgah of Shour" by Khatereh Parvaneh from the recording entitled Classical Music of Iran, Vol. 1: The Dastgah Systems, FW08831, courtesy of Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. (p) (c) 1966. Used by permission.
8.4
Egypt: Takht instrumental ensemble suite, recorded by the Middle Eastern Ensemble of the University of California, Santa Barbara, directed by Dr. Scott Marcus, 2011. Used by permission.
8.5
Turkey: Sufi Dhikr ceremony. "Sufi Hymn" by Jarrahi Dervishes and others from the recording entitled The Silk Road: A Musical Caravan, SFW40438, courtesy of Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. (p) (c) 2002. Used by permission.
8.6
Israel: Jewish shofar blowing and liturgical cantillation. "Cycle of 10 Calls During Additional Service" by David Hausdorff from the recording entitled Kol Ha'shofar (Call of the Shofar), FW08922, courtesy of Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. (p) (c) 1957. Used by permission; and “L’dor vador” sung by Dr. Peter Laki, recorded by Terry E. Miller, Kent, Ohio, 2005. Used by permission.
Video Links
For more world music videos, visit the World Music YouTube Channel .
- Jivula Final
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAKZk4pRKBI
- Buzuq & Tombak Duo – Sabr
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnR-cTJWyJY
- Hamza el Din – Ud
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9tGPTYqfCs
- Ud Taksimi
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mNxwgAmTKM
- Sufi Whirling
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=Jeca3isOoW4
- Whirling Dervishes
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2AI8r4q8V8
- Shabbat Candle Lighting Liturgy
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iILv6DHuD7Y
- Reb Zalman Schachter
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2&v=UIVRhezcLwc
Audio Book
Coming soon...
On Your Own Time
Links and further resources
- DVD/Website:
- Empire of Faith. Dir. Robert H. Gardner. PBS Documentary, 2005.
- http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/
- Book:
- Regev, Motti, and Edwin Seroussi. Popular Music and National Culture in Israel. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.
- http://www.ucpress.edu/ebook.php?isbn=9780520936881
- Book:
- Farhat, Hormoz. The Dastgah Concept in Persian Music. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
- http://www.cambridge.org/gb/knowledge/isbn/item1151289/?site_locale=en_GB
- Book:
- Touma, Habib Hassan. The Music of the Arabs. Milwaukee, WI: Amadeus Press, 2003.
- http://www.halleonardbooks.com/product/viewproduct.do
- Book:
- Racy, A.J. Making Music in the Arab World: The Culture and Artistry of Tarab. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
- http://www.cambridge.org/gb/knowledge/isbn/item1132943/?site_locale=en_GB
- DVD:
- Umm Kulthum: A Voice Like Egypt. Dir. Goldman, Michal. Arab Film Distribution, 1996.
- http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=90326836
- Book:
- Shah, Idries. The Sufis. New York: Anchor Books, 1964.
- Website:
- The Threshold Society
- http://www.sufism.org/
- DVD:
- Sufi Soul: The Mystic Music of Islam. Dir. Simon Broughton. Riverboat, 2008.
- http://www.filmsufi.com/2015/05/sufi-soul-mystic-music-of-islam-simon.html
- Book:
- Anders Hammarlund, Olsson, Tord, and Elisabeth Ozdalga eds. Sufism, Music and Society in Turkey and the Middle East. New York: Routledge, 2001.
- https://www.routledge.com/Sufism-Music-and-Society-in-Turkey-and-the-Middle-East/Hammarlund-Olsson-Ozdalga/p/book/9780700711482
- Website:
- Jewish Music Research Center
- http://www.jewish-music.huji.ac.il/
- Book:
- Horowitz, Amy. Mediterranean Israeli Music and the Politics of the Aesthetic. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 2010.
- http://wsupress.wayne.edu/books/1149/Mediterranean-Israeli-Music-and-the-Politics-of-the-Aesthetic
- Website:
- Jewish Music.com
- http://www.jewishmusic.com/
- Popular Artists from the Middle East:
- Umm Kulthum
- Googoosh
- Khaled
- Cheb Mami
- Ofra Haza
- Amr Diab
- Soap Kills