About
Chapter 5 introduces the music and associated cultural activities from South Asia, including north and south India, as well as Pakistan. The opening site deals in depth with Hindustani Raga, a prominent classical style from the region, introducing readers to fundamental features of form, style, instrumentation, pedagogy, and cultural associations. Carnatic vocal performance complements this examination of classical literature, followed by explorations of dance (Kathakali), devotional song (bhajan) typically performed by non-professionals, and popular film song from India. Qawwali, also a type of devotional song related to Sufis, is studied in association with Pakistan, followed by a brief introduction to bhangra, a folk music that evolved into a global popular music genre.
Key Terms
- Alap (also Alapana)
- Anundrutam
- Anupallavi
- Aradhana
- Bansri (also Bansuri)
- Bauls
- Baya
- Bhajan
- Bhangra
- Bin
- Bollywood
- Bols
- Caranam
- Carnatic (also Karnatak)
- Caste system
- Chiz
- Dhrupad
- Dilruba
- Drutam
- Filmi (also Filmi Git)
- Gat
- Ghunur
- Gopiyantra (also Ektara)
- Gospel
- Guru
- Hanuman
- Harmonium
- Hindustani
- Jaltarang
- Jati
- Jhala
- Jor
- Kartal
- Kathakali
- Khyal
- Kriti
- Laghu
- Lata Mangeshkar
- Mode
- Mridangam
- Nagasvaram
- Pallavi
- Qawwali (also Kawwali)
- Raga
- Rama
- Rasa
- Ravana
- Ravi Shankar
- Sarangi
- Sarod
- Sita
- Sitar
- Solfege
- Sympathetic strings
- Tabla
- Tala
- Tavil
- Theka
- Venu
- Vina
Flashcards
Practice Quiz
Audio Examples
5.1
North India: Hindustani (Instrumental) Raga. "Khamaj" by Shamim Ahmed from the recording entitled India's Great Shamim Ahmed: Three Ragas, MON00489, courtesy of Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. (c) 1967 . Used by permission.
5.2
South India: Carnatic Classical (Vocal). Kriti: “Manasā! Etulörttunë” Raga Malayamārutam, Rūpakam Tala, composed by Sri Tyāgarāja and performed by Sri V. Ramachandran, vocal; Sri S. Varadharajan, violin; Ramnad Sri Raghavan, mrdangam; Sri R. Balasubramaniam, kanjira; recorded at the 2002 St. Thyagaraja Festival by the Thyagaraja Aradhana Committee, Cleveland, Ohio, 2002. Used by permission.
5.3
Hindu Bhajan devotional song. “Parvati Nandana Gajanana,” recorded by Terry E. Miller at the Sai Baba Temple, Longdenville, Trinidad, 1985. Used by permission.
5.4
Pakistan: Qawwali (Sufi devotional song). "Jamale kibriya main hoon" performed by the Sabri Brothers, from Musiciens Kawwali du Pakistan/Les Fréres Sabri/Musique Soufli, vol. 3, Arion ARN 64147, 1991. Used by permission.
Video Links
For more world music videos, visit the World Music YouTube Channel .
- Ravi Shankar at Monterey Pop
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk60ObnbIOk
- Sathya Sai Baba Singing “Govinda Krishna Jay” Bhajan
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=-pUzkA22NOs
- Sowmya: On Carnatic Music
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJa63MLFt_U
- Kiranavali: Carnatic Vocal Recital
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUENmfe9YIg
- Sowmya: Carnatic Vocal Recital
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNFkaeL61wY
Audio Book
Coming soon...
On Your Own Time
Links and further resources
India
- Book:
- The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Music of India. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
- https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195650983.001.0001/acref-9780195650983
- Website:
- Official website of Ravi Shankar
- http://www.ravishankar.org/
- Audio:
- The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindustani Ragas. Nimbus Records, NI 5536/9, 1999.
- https://www.allmusic.com/album/raga-guide-a-survey-of-74-hindustani-ragas-mw0000246246
- Website:
- Bhangra
- http://www.bhangra.org/
- Website:
- Chhandayan (Indian Classical Music)
- http://www.tabla.org/
- Website:
- Ali Akbar — College of Music
- http://www.aacm.org/
- Book:
- Lavezzoli, Peter. The Dawn of Indian Music in the West. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, Inc., 2007.
- https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/the-dawn-of-indian-music-in-the-west-9780826418159/
- Book:
- Nelson, David P. Solkattu Manual: An Introduction to the Rhythmic Language of South Indian Music. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2008.
- https://www.wesleyan.edu/wespress/solkattu/
- Book:
- Ganti, Tejaswini.Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema. New York: Routledge, 2004. (2nd edition, 2012)
- https://www.routledge.com/Bollywood-A-Guidebook-to-Popular-Hindi-Cinema-2nd-Edition/Ganti/p/book/9780415583886
- Popular Artists — India
- A.R. Rahman
- Lata Mangeshkar
- Asha Bhosle
- Sukhwinder Singh
- Alka Yagnik
- Udit Narayan
- Malkit Singh
- Daler Mehndi
- Book:
- Qureshi, Regula Burckhardt. Sufi Music of India and Pakistan: Sound, Context, and Meaning. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
- https://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/music/ethnomusicology/sufi-music-india-and-pakistan-sound-context-and-meaning-qawwali?format=HB&isbn=9780521267670
- Audio:
- Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. Shahen Shah. Real World Records, 1989.
- https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/shahen-shah/id365314759
- Popular Artists — Pakistan
- Ahmed Rushdi
- Nazia Hassan
- Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan